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8.AUD-Middle Ear

Audiology SLP314

TermDefinition
Function of Middle Ear (ME) Overcomes transmission loss during transfer of sound energy from air medium (outer ear) to fluid medium (inner ear). Increases pressure to inner ear.
ME spaces 1.Tympanum, 2.Epitympanic recess (tympanic attic).
Eustachian tube functions (2) 1. Equalize pressure between ME & ear canal. 2. Drains ME secretions.
Mastoid air cells Portion of temporal bone behind tympanic attic filled with air pockets. Aditus ad antrum connects attic to air cells. Potential path of infection.
Windows (2) 1. Oval (filled by stapes footplate) 2. Round window covered by thin membrane (pressure release)
Ossicular chain (3 parts) Malleus. Incus. Stapes
Malleus (3 parts) 1. Head (in attic). 2. Manubrium (Umbo attaches to center of TM). Lateral process (attached to top of TM (pars flaccida)
Incus (3 parts) 1. Body (attached to head of malleus) 2. Long crus 3. Lenticular process (90 deg turn in long crus, attaches to head of stapes).
Stapes head, neck, 2 crus, footplate, annular ligament
Ossicle ligaments 3 on malleus, 1 on incus. Maintain bone positions with head movements.
2 ways ME increases pressure to inner ear. 1. Difference in area from TM to oval window (17x = 25 dB) 2. Leverage force (manubrium is longer than long crus of incus (3-5 dB). Overall 28-30 dB gain.
ME muscles (2) 1. Tensor tympany (CN V, attaches to malleus and tenses TM, decreases vibration) 2. Stapedius (CN VII, acoustic reflex above 85 dB)
Disorders of ME (2) Serous otitis media. Suppurative OM
Serous OM: stages 1. Eustachian tube dysfunction (blockage) 2. Negative ME pressure (TM retracts) 3. ME effusion(fluid sucked out of lining
Serous OM: treatment 1. May resolve spontaneously 2. Pressure equalizing tubes (PET- children) or myringotomy 3. Remove underlying problem (adenoids, allergies, smoke) 4. Antibiotics (preventative)
Created by: ashea01
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