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Ancient Greece-Wilts
Ancient Greece
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a peninsula? | Land with water on three sides. |
| What is the peninsula called that forms the southern part of Greece? | Peloponnesus |
| 70 - 80 % of the land of Greece is made up of _________________. | mountains |
| Where was most of the farmland in Greece? | The valleys between the mountains. 20 - 30 % of the land of Greece was farm land. |
| How did the seas influence ancient Greece? | Greeks used the seas for trade routes to get materials they needed and to get fish. |
| Because Greece was surrounded by seas, many Greeks become skilled __________ and ______. | sailors and ship builders |
| What products did the Ancient Greeks produce? | olive oil, wine, wool, and fine pottery |
| What products did the Greeks buy? | Grain, timber, animal hides, slaves, nuts, figs, cheese, and flax |
| Where did the first Greek civilization develop? | on the Peloponnesus |
| What did the Greeks learn from the Phoenicians? | The alphabet |
| What did the Greeks learn from trading with other peoples? | coins and alphabet |
| Who was Zeus? | ruler of the Greek gods |
| What was Mount Olympus? | the highest mountain in Greece, where the gods were believed to have lived |
| What is a fable? | A story that usually involves animals and teaches a moral |
| What is a myth? | A story that people tell to explain beliefs about their world. |
| What is an epic poem? | A long poem about ancient heroes. |
| Why were the Olympics held? | To honor the god Zeus. |
| What epic poems did the Greek poet Homer write? | Iliad and Odyssey |
| Which Greek storyteller wrote many ancient Greek fables? | Aesop |
| What is a polis? | Greek city-state |
| Which city-state was the military state? | Sparta |
| Which city-state was the school of Greece? | Athens |
| What was the Parthenon? | Temple built to honor the goddesses Athena and is at the top of the acropolis |
| What was the Agora? | Marketplace, city hall, sports arena, place of worship |
| Who was Homer? | famous Greek poet, wrote the Iliad and Odyssey |
| Who was Socrates? | Greek philosopher, found guilty of teaching young to rebel against the government and sentenced to death |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher, tutor to Alexander the Great |
| What is Oligarchy? | Rule by a few wealthy citizens (gain power by wealth or own land) |
| What is Direct Democracy? | Citizens meet to decide on laws, but not all people were citizens (women, slaves, and foreigners weren’t considered citizens) |
| What is Monarchy? | Rule by a king or queen |
| What is Aristocracy? | rule by a few wealthy citizens (inherit power) |
| What is Tyranny? | power taken in an illegal way |
| What was the blend of Greek, Persian, Egyptian and Indian cultures known as? | Hellenistic culture |
| What were the two main types of plays in Athens? | Tragedy – downfall of an important person, included love, hate, war Comedy – made fun of politics and important people |
| What was the main export of Greece? | Export – olive oil |
| What peninsula would you find Sparta? | Sparta – Peloponnesus peninsula |
| What were the two main crops of the Greeks? | Grapes and olives |
| How were the seas surrounding Greece important? | Seas were used as trade routes and could catch fish which became a trade item |
| What was the Persian War? | Persian War – war fought between Persia and Greeks |
| What happened during the battle of Marathon? | Athens asked Sparta for help Sparta was too late. Athens used spears Persians used arrows Athens won sent a runner to from Marathon to Athens tell of the victory and he died |
| What happened during the battle of Thermopylae | 300 Spartans held off the Persians for two days before the Spartans were killed giving Athens time to prepare to fight |
| What happened during the battle of Salamis? | Greeks small mobile ships defeated Persians large ships that couldn’t move in narrow passage |
| What was the Peloponnesian Wars? | Peloponnesian War was a war fought between Athens and Sparta. Sparta won because they Athens surrendered |
| What were the war strategies of each side? | Strategies –Athens:use navy and let Sparta destroy country side Sparta:cut off Athen’s food supply |
| What were the results of the war? | Results – cities and crops were destroyed, Greeks died, lost money and military power |
| What is philosophy? | Study of basic truths and ideas about the universe. A way of thinking. |
| Who was Alexander the Great? | A ruler who built a large empire from Greece, Persia, and Egypt and blended cultures |
| What legacies did Greece leave? | Arts-drama,sculpture Architecture–temples and theaters, Greek columns. Government–democracy. History–the first to write down their history. Philosophy–Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Science–Astronomy. Mathematics – geometry. Physics – lever, pulley. |
| What was the Delian League? | A league set up for mutual protection of all the Greek city - states |
| Who was Pericles? | A great leader of Athens, great speaker, used Delian league money to beautify Athens |
| What were the religious beliefs of the ancient Greeks? | Polytheistic – belief in many gods and goddesses |
| What were the working conditions of Athenian slaves? | Long hours – 10 hours a day, work in small space with little air, in chains, whipped if they stopped working |
| Type of teachers in Athens. | One – taught reading, writing, literature, arithmetic Two – taught music Three – sports |
| Ways that women were restricted. | They were under the guardianship of men They were raised apart from males They were only allowed to take part in a few trades (jobs) |
| What is an isthmus? | A narrow strip of land |
| Who was the first Greek civilization that was built on the Peloponnesus peninsula? | Mycenaean |
| How did the mountains affect life in Greece? | It made it difficult to travel and unify under a single government |
| What were the epic poems called that Homer wrote? | Iliad and Odyssey |
| What famous Greek is credited with writing down many ancient Greek fables? | Aesop |
| Prometheus is an example of a _________ | myth |
| What type of farming did the Greeks do since the land was rocky and infertile? | raising sheep and goats |
| How did Pericles strengthen Athens? | By building a strong navy |
| How did the Peloponnesian War end? | A plague broke out in Athens |
| How long did the Peloponnesian War last? | 27 years |
| What were the three types of Greek columns? | doric, ionic, corinthian |
| Who is Plato? | Wrote the Republic and started a school called the Academy |
| Who is Ptolemy? | Scientist who studied the universe and placed the Earth at the center of the universe |
| Who is Archimedes? | Scientist who explained the law of the lever, invented the compound pulley, pumps and a steam engine |
| Who was Hypatia? | A female mathematician |
| How did Athenians beautify Athens during the Golden Age? | used the money from the Delian League to build temples, buildings, sculpters and rebuilding the acropolis |
| What two Greek leaders took power away from the nobility and gave it to the people which led to an early form of democracy? | Solon and Cleisthenes |
| What type of government do citizens make political decisions? | democracy |
| Who won the Peloponnesian War? | Sparta |
| What were the causes of the Peloponnesian War? | 1City-states feared Athen'sbgrab for power and Athens used Delian League money to beautify the city 2Pericles created a strong navey 3. Athenian settlers moved into other city-states |
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