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Ch. 11 History Notes
Term | Definition |
---|---|
caliph | successor to the messenger of God. |
Umayyads | lost power in A.D. 750. |
Omar Khayyam | Mathematician, astronomer, and poet. |
oasis | green area in a desert fed by underground water. |
Indonesia | includes more Muslims than any other nation in the world. |
Ottoman Empire | began in Turkey. |
Sunnis | believe the Umayyad dynasty should rule. |
Akbar | the greatest Mogul ruler who brought peace to his territory. |
Mecca | the largest and richest town in Arabia. |
mosque | Muslim house of worship. |
Abu al Abbas | first ruler in the Abbasid dynasty. |
Bedouins | desert herders who traveled from oasis to oasis for water. |
Quran | holy book of Islam. |
Timbuktu | west African center of Muslim learning. |
Taj Mahal | a beautiful tomb in India. |
Suleiman I | sultan of the Ottoman Empire in the 1500s. |
minarets | tower of a mosque from which the crier calls believers to prayer five times a day. |
Muslims | followers of Islam. |
Five Pillars of Islam | acts of worship that Muslims must fulfill. |
Shiites | believe Muhammad’s son-in-law should rule after his death. |
How did Arab merchants transport goods across the desert? | caravans. |
What group of people felt threatened by Islam? | wealthy merchants. |
Muhammad built an army, then conquered what city? | Mecca. |
What did the Shiites think about the Umayyads being in power? | they had no right to be in power. |
What did the Seljuks rule over? | the government and army. |
Did the Ottoman Empire allow religious freedoms? | yes. |
Where did most Muslims in the Arab Empire live? | on farms. |
What did Muslim scholars preserve? | ancient learnings. |
What does the term "Islam" mean? | surrendering to the will of God. |
What happened when Muhammad and his followers left Mecca? | Madinah made Muhammad its ruler. |
Who were the Rightly Guided Caliphs? | rulers who obeyed Islam's teachings. |
What did the Sunnis believe? | the Umayyad dynasty should rule. |
When did the Arab Empire end? | when Mongols burned Baghdad. |
Ottoman Empire | one of the largest and most powerful Muslim empires. |
Did the Mogul ruler Akbar allow religious freedom? | yes. |
What country today has the largest Muslim population? | Indonesia. |
Five Pillars of Islam | belief, prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, charity. |
Belief | Muslims must believe that Allah is the only God and Muhammad is his prophet. |
Prayer | Muslims must pray five times a day facing Mecca. |
Fasting | Muslims must not eat from dawn to dusk during the month of Ramadan. |
Pilgrimage | Muslims must visit Mecca at least once in their life. |
Charity | Muslims must give to the poor. |