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Sedimentary Rocks

TermDefinition
Aqueos Sedimentation Clastic sediments deposited in a liquid environment as a result of fluid flow; Subaqeuos deposition. Ex: Rivers, Streams, Oceans
Sediments Material derived from pre-existing rocks through weathering process
Eolian Sedimentation Clastic sediments deposited and modified by wind processes; Subaerial deposition.
Glacial Sedimentation Clastic sediments resulting from glacial modifications to the Earth surface.
Gravitational Sedimentation Clastic sediments, subaerial or subaqeous deposited primarily as a result of collapse or slope failure.
Coal A readily combustible rock that contains carbonaceous material, formed from the compaction of altered plant materials.
Low grade to High grade Coal Peat, Lignite, Bituminous and Anthracite
Biomedical Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks formed by direct secretions from organisms. Ex: Limestone and Dolomite
Oids Concentrically banded, spherical grains.
Peloids Spherical grains composed of feces
Carbonate Reefs Ridge-like or domal structures built by the accumulation of calcareous organisms.
Reefs Exhibit a high biodiversity
Carbonate Mounds Exhibit low biodiversity
Carbonate Shoals Calcerous deposits in relatively shallow water forming a ridge, bank or bar of unconsolidated material
Chert Accumulation of siliceous shells, usually in deep water
Flint Has a dark coloration
Jasper Has a red coloration
Chemical sedimentary rocks Formed by direct chemical precipitation from solution. Ex: Limestone, Dolomite, and Rocksalt (Halite) and Bittersalt
Sabkha Supratidal environment of deposition in arid or semiarid regions, characterized by high evaporation rates and evaporite deposits
Secondary precipitates Broad group of minerals that precipitate as a result of changes in the physical and chemical environment
Strata/Bedding Distinct layers of sediment/sedimentary rock representing: Consistent Sedimentation; Periods of environmental stability; individual storm events
Ripple Marks Small ridges separated by small troughs.
Current Ripple Marks Asymmetrical features formed by flow in one direction
Wave Ripple Marks Symmetrical features formed by flow in two directions
Cross bedding Layers angled downward from the surface they were deposited in, which indicated direction of flow (fluvial or eolian).
Mudcracks Formed by the desiccation of sediments during dewatering. Usually rich in clay.
Grain size from small to large: Clay, Silt, Sand, Gravel, Boulder
Created by: FaithRaquel2015
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