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Revolutionary Wars
Summerville High School
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Peloponnesian War | war from 431 to 404 B.C.E. between Athens and Sparta for domination in Greece; the Spartans won but failed to achieve political unification in Greece. |
| Punic Wars | three wars (264–146 B.C.E.) between Rome and the Carthaginians; saw the transformation of Rome from a land to a sea power. |
| Ridda wars | wars following Muhammad’s death; resulted in the defeat of rival prophets and some of larger clans; restored the unity of Islam. |
| Battle of Siffin | fought in 657 between Ali and the Umayyads; settled by negotiation that led to fragmentation of Ali's party. |
| Battle of the River Zab | 750; Abbasid victory over the Umayyads; resulted in conquest of Syria and capture of Umayyad capital. |
| Crusades | military campaigns launched by western Christians to free Holy Land from Muslims, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms (until 1291). later used for other purposes such as commercial wars and ending heresy. |
| Gempei wars | waged for five years from 1180 on Honshu between the Taira and Minamoto families; ended in destruction of Taira. |
| Battle of Kulikova | Russian victory over the forces of the Golden Horde; helped break Mongol hold over Russia. |
| English Civil War | conflict from 1640 to 1660; included religious and constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; ended with restoration of a limited monarchy. |
| Comunero Revolt | a popular revolt against Spanish rule in New Granada in 1781; suppressed as a result of government concessions and divisions among rebels. |
| Pugachev rebellion | unsuccessful peasant uprising led by cossack Emelyan Pugachev during the 1770s; typical of peasant unrest during the 18th century and thereafter. |
| age of revolution | period of political upheaval beginning roughly with the American Revolution and ending with the Revolutions of 1848. |
| American Revolution | rebellion of the British American Atlantic seaboard colonies; ended with the formation of the independent United States. |
| French Revolution | overthrow of the Bourbon monarchy through a revolution beginning in 1789; created a republic and eventually ended with Napoleon’s French Empire; the source of many liberal movements and constitutions in Europe. |
| Greek Revolution | rebellion of the Greeks against the Ottoman Empire in 1820; a key step in the disintegration of the Turkish Balkan empire. |
| American Civil War (1861–1865) | fought to prevent secession of the southern states; the first war to incorporate the products and techniques of the Industrial Revolution; resulted in the abolition of slavery and the reunification of the United States. |
| Plassey (1757) | battle between the troops of the British East India Company and the Indian ruler of Bengal; British victory gave them control of northeast India. |
| Isandhlwana (1879) | Zulu defeat of a British army; one of the few indigenous victories over 19th-century European armies. |
| Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902) | fought between the British and Afrikaners; British victory and post-war policies left Africans under Afrikaner control. |
| Mexican-American War | (1846–1848); American expansion leads to dispute over California and Texas. |
| La Reforma | name of Juárez’s liberal revolution. |
| Spanish-American War | fought between Spain and the United States beginning in 1898; resulted in annexation of Puerto Rico and the Philippines; permitted American intervention in the Caribbean. |
| Opium War | fought between Britain and Qing China beginning in 1839 to protect the British trade in opium; British victory demonstrated Western superiority over China. |
| Taiping Rebellion | massive rebellion in southern China in the 1850s and 1860s led by Hong Xinquan; sought to overthrow the Qing dynasty and Confucianism. |
| Boxer Rebellion | popular outburst aimed at expelling foreigners from China; put down by intervention of the Western powers. |
| Crimean War (1854–1856) | began with a Russian attack on the Ottoman Empire; France and Britain joined on the Ottoman side; resulted in a Russian defeat because of Western industrial might; led to Russian reforms under Alexander II. |
| Russo-Japanese War | 1904; Russian expansion into northern China leads to war; rapid Japanese victory followed. |
| Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895) | fought in Korea between Japan and Qing China; Japanese victory demonstrated its arrival as new industrial power. |
| Mexican Revolution, 1910–1920 | civil war; challenged Porfirio Díaz in 1910 and initiated a revolution after losing fraudulent elections. |
| Spanish Civil War | civil war between republican and autocratic supporters; with support from Germany and Italy, the autocratic regime of Francisco Franco triumphed. |
| Korean War | fought from 1950 to 1953 between North Korea and its Soviet and Chinese allies and South Korea and United Nations’ forces directed by the United States; ended in stalemate. |
| Cultural Revolution | initiated by Mao Zedong in 1965 to restore his dominance over the pragmatists; disgraced and even killed bureaucrats and intellectuals; called off in 1968. |
| Tayson Rebellion | peasant revolution in southern Vietnam during the 1770s; toppled the Nguyen and the Trinh dynasties. |
| Persian Gulf War | 1991 war between Iraq and a coalition of Western and some Arab states; Iraq defeated, Saddam Hussein left in power. |
Created by:
taylordlon
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