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Geology Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Geology | The study of the Earth |
| Physical geology | The study of the Earth's materials and processes. |
| What is Geology's economical importance? | Allows production of natural resources, prevents hazards, involves engineering and focuses on resource sustainability. |
| Rock | An aggregate of minerals. |
| Mineral | A naturally occuring, inorganic crystalline solid that has definite physical and chemical properties. |
| What do tectonic plates ride on? | Lithosphere |
| How are tectonic plates affected by what cells? | Pulled apart by convection cells. |
| Alfred Wegener | Proposed the theory of the continental drift and the supercontinent Pangea. |
| Chemical Bonds | Result of electrical forces. |
| Ionic Bonds | Transfer electrons. |
| Metallic Bonds | Resemble a sea of electrons. |
| Covalent Bonds | Share electrons. |
| Van der waal bonds | Asymmetrical bonds; Example of a mineral with this bond is Muscovite. |
| Convergent plate boundaries | This occurs when two crustal plates are moving together and one plate subsides under the other one. |
| What are the three types of convergent boundaries? | Oceanic-Oceanic (more dense), Oceanic-Continental (Oceanic subduct; more dense), Continental-Continental (builds mountains). |
| How old is the Earth? | 4.6 Billion years old |
| How old is the universe? | 13.8 Billion years old |
| Supporting evidence for continental drift | Continental fit, similar rock sequences, glacial evidence and fossil evidence. |
| How does Erosion occur? | When sediments are transported by wind, water and ice. These sediments are then deposited which means they come to rest somewhere. |
| How do divergent plate boundaries occur? | Two crustal plates are moving apart, creating new lithosphere. Ex: spreading ridge |
| Driving forces of plate tectonics | Mantle convection, ridge push and slab pull. |
| When does a hot spot occur? | When a mantle plume is stationary under a moving plate and when this happens over time it forms a aseismic ridge. |
| Clasts | Individual fragments that can be seen with the naked eye. |
| Matrix | The fine grained material that fills the space between clasts. |
| Cement | The crystalline material added to the rock to hold the clast and matrix together. |
| What can't be split into other substances? | Elements |
| Atom | Smallest particle that still retains the element's properties. |
| Diaphaneity | The amount of light a substance can transmit. |
| What do Sulfides contain? | Sulfur |
| What do Halides contain? | Fluorine and Chlorine |
| What happened when the Earth formed? | Coalesced into stratified layers with the densest minerals in the center. |
| Terrestrial planets | Small planets composed of rock and metallic elements (Iron and Nickel). Ex: Earth |
| Jovian planets | Big planets made of rocky cores that are composed of mostly hydrogen. Ex: Jupiter |
| Moh's Scale of Hardness (Small to Large) | Talc, Gypsum, Calcite, Fluorite, Apatite, Orthoclase, Quartz, Topaz, Corundum, Diamond. |
| What is Earth's inner core made of? | Solid Iron and Nickel |
| What is Earth's outer core made of? | Liquid material |
| Tenacity | A minerals resistance to breaking or deforming. |
| Specific gravity | The ratio of the density of an object to the density of water. |
| What are the seven major plates? | Eurasian, Indian-Australian, Antarctic, North and South American, Pacific and Africa |
Created by:
FaithRaquel2015
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