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Pharmacology
Spasticity Article
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Spasticity affects how many people world wide? | 12 mill |
Following a stroke, what percentage of people experience spasticity? | 65% |
Historically what are the most common oral meds used to treat spasticity? | diazepam, dantrolene sodium, and baclofen |
What is the oldest med still used for spasticity? | diazepam(valium) |
How does diazepam work? | it increase inhibitory effects of GABA |
Diazepam can produce fatigue and drowsiness at the higher dosages required to manage spasticity because why? | b/c of its depressive CNS effects |
What are the effects of diazepam? | provoke sedation, reduced motor coordination, and impair intellect, attention, and memory, and physiological addiction |
What is the site of action for diazepam? | Brainstem reticular formation and spinal polysynaptic pathways. |
What is the site of action for dantrolene sodium? | Skeletal muscle calcium stores |
Dantrolene sodium is a peripherally acting _________. | skeletal muscle relaxant |
What is the main risk associated with dantrolene sodium? | hepatoxicity |
Drowsiness, confusion, headache, and lethargy are adverse effects of what drug? | Oral baclofen |
What is the site of action for oral baclofen? | GABA-b receptors |
The ultimate effect of baclofen is what? | decreased activation of the alpha motorneuron. |
Why is oral administration of baclofen frequently ineffective in controlling severe spasticity? | because of its systemic side effects |
Why is intrathecal Baclofen more effective than oral baclofen? | it is more effective at crossing the blood brain barrier, and has fewer systemic side effects |