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Chapter 17
European Renaissance and Reform
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Renaissance | A period of European history, lasting from about 1300 to 1600, during which renewed interest in classical culture led to far-reaching changes in art, learning, and views of the world |
Humanism | A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements |
Secular | Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual needs |
Patron | A person who supports artists, especially financially |
Perspective | An artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface |
Vernacular | The everyday language of people in a region or country |
Utopia | An imaginary land described by Thomas More in his book Utopia-hence, an ideal place |
William Shakespeare | Famous writer of the Elizabethan Age. Regarded as the greatest playwright of all time. His most famous works include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Macbeth |
Johann Gutenberg | Craftsman from Germany that created the printing press around 1440. This made producing books cheaper and easier |
Indulgence | A pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin |
Reformation | A 16th-century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope's authority |
Lutheran | A member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther |
Protestant | A member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation |
Peace of Augsburg | A 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler |
Annul | To cancel or set asside |
Anglican | Relating to the Church of England |
Predestination | The doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be eternally saved |
Calvinism | A body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin |
Theocracy | A government controlled by religious leaders |
Presbyterian | A member of a Protestant church governed by presbyters (elders) and founded on the teachings of John Knox |
Anabaptist | In the Reformation, a member of a Protestant group that believed in baptizing only those persons who were old enough to decide to be Christian and believed in the separation of church and state |
Catholic Reformation | A 16th-century movement in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to make changes in response to the Protestant Reformation |
Jesuits | Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola |
Council of Trent | A meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers |