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Irene Gold:Pathology
Pathology for Part 1 Boards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| NAME THE TYPE OF DEGENERATION: Calcium infiltration into normal tissue e.g. hypervitaminosis D | Calcification, metastatic |
| NAME THE TYPE OF DEGENERATION: Calcium infiltration into abnormal/damaged tissue e.g. atherosclerosis or atheroma. damage to tunica intima | Calcification, dystrophic |
| NAME THE TYPE OF DEGENERATION: Tuberculosis | Caseous |
| NAME THE TYPE OF DEGENERATION: Albuminous, Membrane injured which affects ionic transfer | Cloudy Swelling |
| NAME THE TYPE OF DEGENERATION: Infarction (MI), Blood vessels | Coagulation |
| NAME THE TYPE OF DEGENERATION: Pancreas | Enzymatic |
| NAME THE TYPE OF DEGENERATION: Liver, aka "nutmeg liver". In heart = "tabby cat heart". Fatty dot leads to fast streak leads to atheroma leads to fibroatheroma | Fatty |
| NAME THE TYPE OF DEGENERATION: CNS (e.g. brain melts, tertiary syphilis, leprosy) or Skin (if from infection) | Liquefaction |
| NAME THE TYPE OF DEGENERATION: Peripheral nerves. Degenerates to next Node of Ranvier. "Dying back phenomenon" | Wallerian |
| NAME THE TYPE OF DEGENERATION: Hyaline. Most common in skeletal muscle. Muscle replaced with hyaline. | Zener's (Waxy) |
| NAME THE TYPE OF DEGENERATION: Nuclear rupture | Karyolysis |
| NAME THE TYPE OF DEGENERATION: Nuclear swelling | Karyorrhexis |
| NAME THE TYPE OF DEGENERATION: Nuclear condensation | Pyknosis |
| NAME THE TYPE OF DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE: Absence of an organ (usually paired organ) | Agenesis |
| NAME THE TYPE OF DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE: Small remnants of the organ present (lack of development) | Aplasia |
| NAME THE TYPE OF DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGE: Organ smaller than normal and defective | Hypoplasia |
| NAME THE DISTURBANCE OF GROWTH: Decrease in size. Seen most commonly in muscle | Atrophy |
| NAME THE DISTURBANCE OF GROWTH: Increase in size | Hypertrophy |
| NAME THE DISTURBANCE OF GROWTH: Increase in number of cells | Hyperplasia |
| NAME THE DISTURBANCE OF GROWTH: Changes from one cell type to another | Metaplasia |
| NAME THE DISTURBANCE OF GROWTH: Change in size, shape or function a cell. Precancerous, but last stage that can reverse to normal | Dysplasia |
| NAME THE DISTURBANCE OF GROWTH: Complete disorganization of a cell (cancer). Undifferentiated. | Anaplasia |
| NAME THE COLLAGEN TYPE: Bone, muscle, tendons and ligaments | Type 1 Collagen |
| NAME THE COLLAGEN TYPE: Disc (specifically nucleus pulposis) | Type 2 Collagen |
| NAME THE COLLAGEN TYPE: Reticular collagen. | Type 3 Collagen |
| NAME THE COLLAGEN TYPE: Found in spleen and lymph | Type 3 Collagen |
| NAME THE COLLAGEN TYPE: Seen in early wound healing | Type 3 Collagen |
| NAME THE COLLAGEN TYPE: Basement membrane | Type 4 Collagen |
| NAME THE TYPE OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS: Silica from sand, rock, or glass. Sandblasters are at risk. | Silicosis |
| NAME THE TYPE OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS: Asbestos leads to mesothelioma. Malignant tumor | Asbestosis |
| NAME THE TYPE OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS: Iron dust | Siderosis |
| NAME THE TYPE OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS: Cotton dust | Byssinosis |
| NAME THE TYPE OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS: "Brown lung" | Byssinosis |
| NAME THE TYPE OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS: Black lung disease from miners. | Anthracosis |
| NAME THE TYPE OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS: "Rocky Quarry Disease" | Silicosis |
| NAME THE TYPE OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS: "Caplan's Disease" | Anthracosis + RA |
| NAME THE TYPE OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS: Endemic fungus around Mississippi or Ohio valleys "Ohio Valley Fever" "Mississippi Valley Fever" | Histomycosis/Histoplasmosis |
| NAME THE TYPE OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS: Endemic fungus in deserts of Southwest | Coccidiomycosis |
| NAME THE TYPE OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS: "San Joaquin Valley Fever" or "Valley Fever" | Coccidiomycosis |
| NAME THE TYPE OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS: Endemic fungus on Eastern seaboard: From Florida to Nova Scotia | Blastomycosis |
| NAME THE LUNG DISEASE: Sputum analysis yields "Curschmann's Spirals" or "Charcot Leyden crystals" | Asthma |
| NAME THE LUNG DISEASE: Affects chloride channels | Cystic Fibrosis |
| NAME THE LUNG DISEASE: "Sweat test" / Salty baby syndrome | Cystic Fibrosis |
| NAME THE LUNG DISEASE: Affects GI and respiratory mucus linings and exocrine secretions. | Cystic Fibrosis |
| NAME THE LUNG DISEASE: Susceptible to Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Cystic Fibrosis |
| NAME THE LUNG DISEASE: Iron in lungs due to bleeding | Hemosiderosis |
| NAME THE LUNG DISEASE: Honeycomb lung | Pulmonary fibrosis |
| NAME THE LUNG DISEASE: Caseous fibrosis in lung. | Tuberculosis |
| NAME THE LUNG DISEASE: Gohn complex/lesions | Tuberculosis |
| NAME THE LUNG DISEASE: If TB spreads to spine | Pott's Disease |
| NAME THE LUNG DISEASE: If vertebra collapses from TB | Gibbus deformity |
| NAME THE LUNG DISEASE: Granulomas, Epitheliod Histiocytes, Giant Epithelial Cells | Tuberculosis |
| NAME THE LUNG DISEASE: Vasculitis of the lung and kidney | Wegener's granulomatosis |
| NAME THE LUNG DISEASE: Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency | Emphysema |
| NAME THE RENAL DISEASE: Decreased tubular excretion of nitrogen (increase nitrogen in blood) | Azotemia |
| NAME THE RENAL DISEASE: Most commonly caused by prostate problems or ureter stones | Hydronephrosis |
| NAME THE RENAL DISEASE: "nephrolithiasis" | Kidney Stones |
| NAME THE RENAL DISEASE: Most common type of kidney stone | Calcium Oxalate |
| NAME THE RENAL DISEASE: Pain pattern of kidney stone | Starts in back and radiates to the flanks, once stone is in ureters, pain localizes in groin |
| NAME THE RENAL DISEASE: RBC and small amounts of protein in urine | Nephritic Syndrome (e.g. acute glomerulonephritis) |
| NAME THE RENAL DISEASE: "pre-eclampsia" and ecclampsia | Nephrotic Syndrome |
| NAME THE RENAL DISEASE: "HEP" Hypertension, Edema, Proteinuria (massive) | Pre-ecclampsia |
| NAME THE RENAL DISEASE: HEP + convulsions + coma (can be fatal) | Ecclampsia |
| NAME THE RENAL DISEASE: Moth eaten appearance | Polycystic kidney |
| NAME THE RENAL DISEASE: Acute tubular necrosis | Shock |
| NAME THE RENAL DISEASE: "nephroblastoma" | Wilm's |
| NAME THE RENAL DISEASE: Mixed tumor of kidney in children (malignant) | Wilm's |
| NAME THE THYROID OR ADRENAL DISEASE: Low cortisol, hypoadrenia, low BP, hyperpigmentation | Addison's |
| NAME THE THYROID OR ADRENAL DISEASE: Excess ACTH in Addison's disease causes... | Increased MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone), fatigue |
| NAME THE THYROID OR ADRENAL DISEASE: Excess Aldosterone (zone glomerulosa) hypertension, water retention | Conn's |
| NAME THE THYROID OR ADRENAL DISEASE: Excess cortisol (zone fasiculata), hyperadrenia, moon face, buffalo hump, purple striae, central obesity | Cushing's |
| NAME THE THYROID OR ADRENAL DISEASE: Hyperplasia of thyroid cells due to lack of iodine | Goiter |
| NAME THE THYROID OR ADRENAL DISEASE: Hyperthyroidism, causes exopthalamoses, heat intolerance, weight loss, rapid heart rate, hair loss | Grave's Disease |
| NAME THE THYROID OR ADRENAL DISEASE: Autoimmune cause of hypothyroidism | Hashimotos |
| NAME THE THYROID OR ADRENAL DISEASE: Hypothyroidism, cretinism in children, cold intolerance, weight gain, slower heart rate, loss of lateral 1/3 eyebrow, slow mental faculties | Myxedema |
| NAME THE UROGENITAL DISEASE: HPV 16 virus implicated | Cervical cancer |
| NAME THE UROGENITAL DISEASE: Can cause testicular cancer | Cryptochism |
| NAME THE UROGENITAL DISEASE: Most common site is the ovary | Endometriosis |
| NAME THE UROGENITAL DISEASE: Urethra exits on the dorsal surface of the penis | Epispadias |
| NAME THE UROGENITAL DISEASE: Urethra opens on ventral surface of penis | Hypospadias |
| NAME THE UROGENITAL DISEASE: Pregnancy or hydatidiform mole (non-viable embryo that has implanted) | Increased HcG |
| NAME THE UROGENITAL DISEASE: Tumor of smooth muscle. Fibroids in uterus. | Leiomyoma |
| NAME THE UROGENITAL DISEASE: Anovulation, obesity, hirsutism | Polycystic ovarian disease |
| NAME THE UROGENITAL DISEASE: Cancer of testes, most common cause of testicular cancer, mesenchymal/stem cells | Seminoma |
| 5 Congenital Signs of Syphilis | Hutchinson's teeth, Rhagades, Saddle nose deformity, Sabre blade tibia, Interstitial keratitis, and possibly deafness (not always) |
| Define Hutchinson's teeth | Notched permanent upper incisors |
| Define Rhagades | Fissures or cracks at edge of mouth |
| Define Saddle Nose Deformity | Bridge of nose flattened |
| Define Interstitial Keratitis | Produces visual changes |
| Organism of Syphilis | Treponema pallidum |
| Primary stage of Syphilis | Hard singular painless nodule (chancre) on perineum |
| Secondary stage of Syphilis | Maculopapular rash and condyloma lata (flat warts on the vulva) |
| Latency stage of Syphilis | May or may not have symptoms |
| Tertiary stage of Syphilis | Tabes dorsalis, aortic aneurysm, gummas inclusion body in CNS, Argyll Roberston "Prostitute's Pupil": not react to light, but constricts on accomodation |
| Adie's pupil | Tonic pupil dilation (mydriasis) due to injury to CN lll Edinger Westphal nucleus |
| Miosis | Tonic pupil constriction due to injury to sympathetic cervical ganglia |
| NAME VENEREAL DISEASES: Soft painless red spherical lump caused by haemophilus ducreyi | Chancroid |
| NAME VENEREAL DISEASES: Similar to Trichimonas, except bacterial | Gardnerella vaginalis |
| NAME VENEREAL DISEASES:Gram Negative, Diplococcus, PID/Salpingitis, burning urination, pus in urine, may produce arthritis DJD in knee, "coffee bean shaped" organism on microscopy | Gonorrhea |
| NAME VENEREAL DISEASES: Produces rectal strictures, diagnose with Frei tests, chlamydia=organism | Lymphogranuloma venereum |
| NAME VENEREAL DISEASES: Purulent vaginal discharge, green and frothy, fish, foul, protozoan | Trichimonas |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Spasm of lower esophageal sphincter, causes megaesophagus of upper esophagus, lack of motility | Achalasia |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Metaplasia of esophageal cells into stomach cells, caused by GERD | Barrett's Esophagus |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Occlusion of hepatic veins - triad of abdominal pain, ascites and hepatomegaly | Budd-Chiari |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Intolerance to gluten, loss of villi, therefore loss of absorption | Celiac Syndrome / "non-tropical spruce" |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Inflammation of gallbladder, #1 cause of gallstones | Cholecystitis |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Gallstones | Cholelithiasis |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Affects ileum, cecum and ascending colon (right sided problem). | Crohn's |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Regional ileitis, distal ileitis, regional ileitis, leads to dehydration | Crohn's |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Skip lesions or cobblestone appearance | Crohn's |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: NO bloody diarrhea | Crohn's |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Outpouching in the intestine (usually sigmoid and descending) | Diverticula |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Difficulty swallowing | Dysphagia |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Most common cause of death of children worldwide due to dehydration from diarrhea | Enteritis |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Most common cause of stark red blood in stool | Hemorroids |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Congenital megacolon, absence of myenteric plexus (parasympathetic motor plexus) | Hirschbrung's |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Telescoping of intestine onto itself, can be caused by rotavirus vaccine | Intussusception |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Spastic colon, distention, pain, diarrhea, stress related | Irritable bowel |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Hematemesis due to alcoholism, lacerations of esophagus and proximal stomach | Mallory-Weiss Syndrome |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Outpouching of distal ileum | Meckel's Diverticulum |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Polyposis characterized by polyps in the entire GI tract | Peutzjegher's |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Iron deficiency anemia, cheilosis, esophageal webbing and glossitis | Plummer Vinson syndrome |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Infant projectile vomiting | Pyloric stenosis |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Anatomically shortened esophagus | Sliding hiatal hernia |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Fat in stool, problem with gallbladder | Steatosis |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Toxic megacolon, affects left side of abdomen (descending colon, sigmoid colon) | Ulcerative Colitis |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Bloody diarrhea | Ulcerative Colitis |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Twisting of an organ around its long axis | Volvulus |
| NAME THE GI DISORDER: Outpouching of the esophagus | Zenker's diverticulum |
| NAME THE METABOLIC DISORDER: Decreased ADH due to posterior pituitary problem. Causes dehydration | Diabetes Insipidus |
| NAME THE METABOLIC DISORDER: Decreased production of insulin by beta cells of pancreas. 1st seen in eyes. Most commonly die from renal failure or heart disease. | Diabetes mellitus |
| NAME THE METABOLIC DISORDER: Produces polydipsia (increased thirst), polyuria (increased urination) and polyphagia (increased hunger) | Diabetes mellitus |
| NAME THE METABOLIC DISORDER: Iron in organs and skin "bronze diabetes" | Hemochromatosis |
| NAME THE METABOLIC DISORDER:Protein malnutrition | Kwashiokor |
| NAME THE METABOLIC DISORDER: Calorie malnutrition, includes protein | Marasmus |
| NAME THE METABOLIC DISORDER:Inborn error of copper metabolism. Hepatolenticular degeneration. Kayser Fleisher rings | Wilson's |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Lou Gehrig's Disease | ALS |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Anterior horn and corticospinal tract affected with no sensory loss | ALS |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Motor only. LMN in upper extremities and UMN in lower. Progressive. | ALS |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Neurofibrillary tangles, decrease in acetylcholine. | Alzheimer's |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: #1 cause of dementia | Alzheimer's |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Progressive severe atrophy of cerebellar cortex | Alzheimer's |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Cerebellar tonsils herniate | Type 1 Arnold Chiari |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Cerebellar tonsils herniate with meningiomyelocele in lumbar spine | Type 2 Arnold Chiari |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Most common metastasis is from the the lungs to the... | brain |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Most common brain tumor, best prognosis, in CNS | Astrocytoma Type 1 & 2 |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Most brain tumor common in CNS | Glioma |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Worst prognosis of brain tumor (affects cerebrum) | Glioblastoma multiform |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Most common brain tumor seen in cerebellar vermis in children, most common cerebellar tumor | Medulloblastoma |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Slowest growing brain tumor (affects cerebrum) | Oligodendroglioma |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Acoustic neuroma. Onion bulb tumor. | Schwannoma (CN Vll) |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Lesions of sclerosis of the spinocerebellar tract . Chromosome 9. | Friedrich's ataxia |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Post-infectious polyradiculopathy, most commonly after flu or vaccination | Guillan-Barre |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Peripheral demyelinating disease. Areflexia & ascending paralysis. Fatal if hits diaphragm. | Guillan-Barre |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Interruption of cervical sympathetics (pan coast tumor) | Horner's Syyndrome |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Ptosis, Miosis, Anhydroisis, Enophtalmosis | Horner's Syndrome |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Hansen's Disease | Leprosy |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Liquefactive necrosis, skin damage and destruction of sensory nerves | Leprosy |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Central demyelination and plaquing of the spinal cord or brain. Affects distal muscles and causes visual disturbances | MS |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Charcot's triad (SIN) - scanning speech, intention tremor, nystagmus. Affects corticospinal tracts | MS |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Formation of antibodies that block the ACh receptors at myoneural junction. Thymic enlargement (thyoma). | Myasthenia Gravis |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: First starts in ocular muscles, gets worse at end of day. Jaw is tight and sore. Females 20-40. | Myasthenia Gravis |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Von Recklinghausen's Disease | Neurofibromatosis |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Cafe au Lait spots. "Coast of California" appearance. | Neurofibromatosis |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Problem with dopamine in basal ganglia. Inclusion bodies = Lewy bodies | Parkinson's |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Resting tremor, festinating/shuffling gait and propulsive gait. Cogwheel rigidity. | Parkinson's |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Substantia Nigra affected | Parkinson's |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Schwann cell tumor | Onion bulb tumor |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Combined systems disease | PLS |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Dorsal columns and corticospinal tracts affected. Results form long term pernicious anemia (decreased IF or B12) | PLS |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Affects anterior horn, produces LMNL. Affects brainstem, then cranial nerves affected | Poliomyelitis |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Cyst like formation from the central canal of spinal cord that leads to loss of pain and temp and signs of an upper motor neuron lesion | Syringomyelia |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Cape like distribution. Loss of pain and temp bilaterally | Syringomyelia |
| NAME THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE: Alcoholic psychosis with dementia. Depletion of thiamine (B1) due to severe alcoholism. | Wernicke-Korsakoff |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Tumor of glandular tissue | Adenoma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Benign bone tumor. Eccentric. "Blister of Bone" <20 y.o.a. | Aneurismal Bone Cyst (ABC) |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Encapsulated. Short zone of transition. Asymptomatic. | Benign tumor |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Tumor shaped radio lucency due to loss of bone density from hyperparathyroidism (PTH) | Brown's tumor |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Starry sky appearance. Jaw mass. Central African child. Epstein Barr Virus | Burkett's lymphoma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Wasting away | Cachexia |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Cancer of the epithelial tissue, usually spread by lymph system | Carcinoma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Cancer that has not invaded basement membrane | Carcinoma in situ |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Benign bone tumor. <20 yoa. Epiphyseal/meatphyseal | Chondroblastoma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Benign tumor of cartilage | Chondroma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Cancer that is most commonly seen in sacrum. Crosses joints. | Chordoma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: GI cancer mostly found in US. | Colorectal cancer |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Absence of one or both testicles in scrotum (failure of descent of the testes) | Cryptorchidism |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Benign hand tumor. Stippled calcification. | Enchondroma (Ollier's Disease) |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: 2+ enchondromas | Multiple enchondromatosis |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Endchondromatosis + soft tissue swelling + bone deformity = | Maffuci's Syndrome |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Multi-laminated (onion skin appearance) periosteal reaction. Cortical saucerization. Children 10-25. Moth eaten appearance in medulla that mimics osteomyelitis | Ewing's Sarcoma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Most common breast tumor associated with estrogen | Fibroadenoma of Breast |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Myxomatous tissue. Spindled and polyhedral cells. | Fibroma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Benign tumor, ground glass appearance, cafe au last spots "coast of maine" appearance | Fibrous Dysplasia |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Monostotic form of fibrous dysplasia | rind sign sclerosis |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Fibrous dysplasia with early puberty | Albright's disease |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Tumor of osteoclasts. Osteoclastoma. Most common in knee. Quasi-malignant. Age 20-40. Epiphyseal/Meatphyseal | Giant Cell Tumor |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Benign tumor of blood vessels most commonly found in spine | Hemangioma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Most common primary liver cancer aka hepatoma | Heaptocellular liver cancer |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: "Hans-Schuller-Christian disease" "eosionophlic granuloma" Lipid accumulates and becomes vertebra plans | Histiocytosis X |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Pel-epstein fever. Reed Sternberg cells, hepatopsplenomegaly, enlarged lymph nodes, increase IgE | Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Cancer of stomach that metastasizes to ovaries, signet ring cell tumor | Krukenberg's |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: White patch soon oral mucosa from tobacco. Cannot be wiped off. Precancerous. | Leukoplakia |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Fatty tumor | Lipoma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Most common lung cancer with non-smokers, best prognosis | Adenocarcinoma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Worst prognosis lung cancer | Oat cell and small cell |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Most common lung cancer in smokers | Squamous cell |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Another way you can get lung cancer | Arsenic poisoning from treated wood |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Non-encapsulated. Long zone of transition. Pain at night, deep and boring. Weight loss | Malignant tumors |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Most common form of cancer in bones | Metastasis |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Between heads of 3-4 metatarsals | Morton's neuroma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Most common primary bone malignancy in adults | Multiple Myeloma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Inclusion bodes are Russell bodies | Multiple Myeloma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Xray has punched out lesions, raindrop skull | Multiple Myeloma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: IgG M-Spike, Bence Jones proteinurea, Elevated ESR, reverse A/G ratio | Multiple Myeloma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: "Plasma cell leukemia/sarcoma" | Multiple Myeloma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Most common benign cardiac tumor and most common cardiac tumor | Myxoma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Most commonly seen in neural arch age 10-30, bone related | Osteoblastoma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Most common benign tumor of extremities | Osteochrondroma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Multiple osteochondromas | Hereditary Multiple Exostosis (HME) |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Osteochondroma "Bump in the bone" | Sessile |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Osteochondroma with cartilaginous cap appearance, coat hanger's exostosis, mushroom projection | Pedunculated |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Paine worse at night, relieved by aspirin, radiolucent nidus with reactive sclerosis | Osteoid Osteoma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Most common benign tumor of the skull, most common in frontal sinus | Osteoma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Usually from Staph aureus. Sequestrum, involcrum, cloaca. Brodie's access if chronic. | Osteomyelitis |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Most common primary bone cancer in children (10-30) | Osteosarcoma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Worst prognosis of cancer. Very painful. | Pancreatic Cancer |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Associated with warts | Papilloma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Neuroblastoma, benign tumor of adrenal medulla. Causes episodic hypertension. | Pheochromocytoma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Tumor of striated muscle or heart muscle | Rhabdomyoma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Cancer of connective tissue, usually spread vascular system | Sarcoma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Bening bone tumor. Metaphyseal/diaphyseal. Concentric. "fallen fragment sign" age <20. found in long bones | Simple/unicameral bone cyst (SBC/UBC) |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Most common in lesser curvature. "leather bottle" shaped stomach presentation | Stomach cancer |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Tumor of all 3 germinal layers | Teratoma |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes due to metastasis usually GI tract usually left side | Virchow's nodes |
| NAME THE TUMOR, CANCER, OR CYST: Yellow tumor of connective tissue | Xanthoma |
| IMMUNE & BLOOD TERMINOLOGY: Absence of oxygen | Anoxia |
| IMMUNE & BLOOD TERMINOLOGY: Deficiency of oxygen | Hypoxia |
| IMMUNE & BLOOD TERMINOLOGY: Pathogens or toxins in blood | Septicemia |
| IMMUNE & BLOOD TERMINOLOGY: Bacteria in blood | Bacteremia |
| IMMUNE & BLOOD TERMINOLOGY: Movement of WBCs along concentration gradient of tissue damage byproducts | Chemotaxis |
| IMMUNE & BLOOD TERMINOLOGY: White blood cells lining the damaged vessels | Pavementing/margination |
| IMMUNE & BLOOD TERMINOLOGY: Neutrophils and monocytes squeeze through the walls of blood vessels towards site of damaged tissue or infection | Diapedesis aka Leukocyte extravasation |
| IMMUNE & BLOOD TERMINOLOGY: Fibrinogen into fibrin via thromboplastin | Clot |
| IMMUNE & BLOOD TERMINOLOGY: Platelet deposition | Thrombus |
| IMMUNE & BLOOD TERMINOLOGY: Foreign body in the blood travels | Embolus |
| IMMUNE & BLOOD TERMINOLOGY: Fluid and high protein (damaged capillary wall) | Exudate |
| IMMUNE & BLOOD TERMINOLOGY: Fluid and low protein (normal capillary wall) | Transudate |
| 5 Stages of Inflammation | Injury, vasoconstriction, vasodilation, swelling/edema, healing |
| NAME STAGE OF INFLAMMATION: Tissue is damaged | Injury |
| NAME STAGE OF INFLAMMATION: Sympathetic reaction. Wound does not spew blood unless artery is damaged. | Vasoconstriction |
| NAME STAGE OF INFLAMMATION: Bring more blood to injured site. Histamine and Bradykinin present. | Vasodilation |
| NAME STAGE OF INFLAMMATION: Cells move into damaged area. Chemotaxis leads to diapedesis | Swelling/edema |
| NAME STAGE OF INFLAMMATION: Mast cells make heparin and serotonin. Fibrin forms scar. | Healing |
| INFLAMMATION: How is serotonin used for healing? | Stimulates the myofibroblasts which cause constriction and form type 3 collagen for early wound healing |
| WHAT DOES THIS INFLAMMATORY SUBSTANCE CAUSE: Bradykinin/histamine | Vasodilation (increase inflammation) |
| WHAT DOES THIS INFLAMMATORY SUBSTANCE CAUSE: Leukotrienes | Inflammation pathway (increase inflammation) |
| WHAT DOES THIS INFLAMMATORY SUBSTANCE CAUSE: Prostoglandins ll | Inflammation pathway (increase inflammation) |
| WHAT DOES THIS INFLAMMATORY SUBSTANCE CAUSE: Substance P | Inflammation pathway (increase inflammation) |
| WHAT DOES THIS INFLAMMATORY SUBSTANCE CAUSE: Enkephalins/endorphins | Pain control (decrease inflammation) |
| WHAT DOES THIS INFLAMMATORY SUBSTANCE CAUSE: NSAIDs | Cycloxygenase (COX) inhibitor (decrease inflammation) |
| WHAT DOES THIS INFLAMMATORY SUBSTANCE CAUSE: Steroids | Phospholipase A2 inhibitor (decrease inflammation) |
| NAME THE IMMUNE CELL: Become mast cells - make histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, heparin | Basophils |
| NAME THE IMMUNE CELL: Transforms into plasma cells to make antibodies | B-lymphocytes |
| NAME THE IMMUNE CELL: "BEN" Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils | Granulocytes |
| NAME THE IMMUNE CELL: Lymphocytes & Monocytes | Agranulocytes |
| NAME THE IMMUNE CELL: Monocyte at tissue level (Kupffer, Microglia, Langerham) | Macrophages |
| NAME THE IMMUNE CELL: "MEN" Monocytes, Eosinophils, Neutrophils | Natural Killer cells |
| NAME THE IMMUNE CELL: CD4 cells that activate B cells | T-Helper cells |
| NAME THE IMMUNE CELL: CD8 cells aka cytotoxic cells, destroys cancer, kills foreign antigens | T-Killer cells |
| NAME THE IMMUNE CELL: T-regulatory cells that decrease immune system, slows antibody production | T-Suppresor cells |
| NAME THE IMMUNE CELL: Where do T-lymphocytes mature? | Thymus |
| NAME WHITE BLOOD CELL: Increase in acute bacterial infections and acute inflammation. 60% | Neutrophils |
| NAME WHITE BLOOD CELL: Increase in viral conditions and chronic inflammation. 30% | Lymphocytes |
| NAME WHITE BLOOD CELL: Chronic conditions. Changes into phagocytes at tissue level. 5-8% | Monocytes |
| NAME WHITE BLOOD CELL: Increase in parasites and allergies. 2-4% | Eosinophils |
| NAME WHITE BLOOD CELL: Like mast cells. Produce heparin & histamine. Increase conditions that cause histamine release. 0-0.5% | Basophiles |
| IMMUNE: Natural Immunity involves what 4 things? | Natural killer cells, mast cells, basophils, macrophage |
| IMMUNE: Explain acquired immunity | Antigen -> macrophage (antigen presenting cell) presents antigen to CD4 cell -> produces lymphokines -> stimulates B lymphocytes -> converts to plasma cell -> produce antibodies |
| NAME BLOOD CELL DISORDER: Decrease in B-cells. Decreased IgG. most common primary immunodeficiency at birth. X-linked. | Bruton's Agammaglobulinemia |
| NAME BLOOD CELL DISORDER: Hypoplasia of thymus. Primary T-cell deficiency at birth. | DiGeorge's |
| NAME BLOOD CELL DISORDER: Starry sky appearance. Central Africa. Jaw swelling. Young African child. | Burkett's lymphoma |
| NAME BLOOD CELL DISORDER: Pel Epstein fever, Biopsy: Reed Sternberg cells. Enlarged lymph nodes. Hepatosplenomegaly. | Hodgkin's |
| NAME BLOOD CELL DISORDER: Leukemia of bone marrow. Affects plasma cells. Age 50+. Example of non-hodgkin's lymphoma. | Multiple Myeloma |
| NAME BLOOD CELL DISORDER: Newborn without proper B or T-cells. Problem with bone marrow. In adult, most commonly due to aplastic anemia. Possibly from benzene poisoning. | Severe combined immune deficiency |
| STEPS OF COAGULATION: Step 1 | Injury -> thought to release thromboplastin (vitamin K) |
| STEPS OF COAGULATION: Step 2 | Thromboplastin triggers production of prothrombin in liver |
| STEPS OF COAGULATION: Step 3 | Prothrombin (using Vitamin K & Calcium) converts to thrombin |
| STEPS OF COAGULATION: Step 4 | Fibrinogen (using thrombin) converts to fibrin (clot). Fibrinogen is also made in the liver. Positive feedback AKA "feed forward". More thrombin produced the more fibrin produced. |
| STEPS OF COAGULATION: Step 5 | Clot breakdown: Fibrolysin/plasmin dissolve clots |
| NAME TYPE OF HEMOPHILIA: Von Willibrand disease. Decrease in platelet adhesion. 8 deficiency factor number. | A |
| NAME TYPE OF HEMOPHILIA: Christmas Factor disease. X-chromosome where female is the carrier. 9 deficiency factor number | B |
| NAME TYPE OF HEMOPHILIA: Stuart Factor. 10 factor number. | B |
| NAME TYPE OF HEMOPHILIA: Mild. 11 deficiency factor number. | C |
| NAME TYPE OF HEMOPHILIA: Hageman Factor. 12 factor number. | C |
| NAME THE TYPE OF ANEMIA: Decreased RBCs and WBCs in the blood. Caused by benzene poisoning. | Aplastic Anemia |
| NAME TYPE OF HEMOPHILIA: Decreased RBCs, WBCs, and platelets in the blood | Pancytopenia |
| NAME TYPE OF HEMOPHILIA: Decreased platelets in the blood | Thrombocytopenia |
| NAME THE TYPE OF ANEMIA: Chronic blood loss (menses), microcytic, hypo chronic | Iron Deficiency Anemia |
| NAME THE TYPE OF ANEMIA: Lack of intrinsic factor (gastritis) | Pernicious Anemia |
| NAME THE TYPE OF ANEMIA: In pregnancy. Megaloblastic anemia. Can lead to spina bifida | Folic Acid |
| NAME THE TYPE OF ANEMIA: Seen in vegetarians (microcyte, hypo chronic anemia) | B-12 |
| ANEMIA: Causes of loss of blood | Hemorrhage, chronic blood loss, hemolytic breakdown due to sickle cell or malaria, Thalassemia major, erythroblastosis fetalis (Rh+) |
| NAME THE TYPE OF ANEMIA: Increased RBCs. Primary and Secondary forms. Primary is pathological. Secondary due to normal response to high altitudes. | Polycythemia |
| If a newborn has deficiency of both B & T cells, which of the following is there atrophy of? | Bone Marrow |
| NAME OF HEART AND BLOOD VESSEL DIEASE: Localized dilation of artery | Aneurysm |
| NAME OF HEART AND BLOOD VESSEL DIEASE: Three types of aneurysms | Berry in Circle of Willis (subarachnoid hemorrhage), Dissecting (longitudinal tearing away of the aorta), Abdominal aorta |
| NAME OF HEART AND BLOOD VESSEL DIEASE: Deposition of fatty plaque. Form of arteriosclerosis. Get irregularly distributed lipid deposits in the intima of large and medium sized arteries, causing narrowing of arterial lumens. | Atherosclerosis |
| NAME OF HEART AND BLOOD VESSEL DIEASE: Thromboangitis obliterates. Low extremity, males with history of smoking. intermittent claudication | Buerger's |
| NAME OF HEART AND BLOOD VESSEL DIEASE: Fluid in pericardial space. Prevents proper ventricular filling. Emergency! | Cardiac Tamponade |
| NAME OF HEART AND BLOOD VESSEL DIEASE: Narrowing of aorta distal to left subclavian. Produces hypertension in upper extremities and hypotension in lower extremities. | Coarction of aorta (congenital) |
| NAME OF HEART AND BLOOD VESSEL DIEASE: Tunica media of medium-sized arteries calcified. In smokers and diabetes | Monkeberg's sclerosis |
| NAME OF HEART AND BLOOD VESSEL DIEASE: Coronary artery vasospasm | Prinzmetal's angina |
| NAME OF HEART AND BLOOD VESSEL DIEASE: Vasospasm of arteries. Produce triphasic color change from pallor (white) to cyanosis (blue) to rubor (red). Can lead to dry gangrene. Typically in upper extremities of females with a history of smoking. | Raynaud's |
| NAME OF HEART AND BLOOD VESSEL DIEASE: Half moon shaped RBC, "H-shaped vertebra", homozygous allele | Sickle Cell anemia |
| NAME OF HEART AND BLOOD VESSEL DIEASE: Pulseless disease. Granulomatous inflammation of the aortic arch. | Takayasu arteritis |
| NAME OF HEART AND BLOOD VESSEL DIEASE: Giant cells arteritis. Long standing hypertension. Can lead to blindness if affects ophthalmic artery. Elderly females. | Temporal arteritis |
| NAME OF HEART AND BLOOD VESSEL DIEASE: DRIP D=Dextrorotation of aorta, R=Right ventricular hypertrophy, I=Interventricular septal defect, P=Pulmonic stenosis | Tetralogy of Fallot (congenital) |
| NAME OF HEART AND BLOOD VESSEL DIEASE: Due to tooth extraction. Strep infection. Mitral valve affected. | Valvular lesions |
| NAME OF LEUKEMIA: Most common seen in children | Acute lymphoblastic |
| NAME OF LEUKEMIA: Any age. Most common acute leukemia in adults. Worst prognosis. | Acute Myeloblastic |
| NAME OF LEUKEMIA: Most common chronic in adults. Chronic leukemia | Chronic lymphocytic |
| NAME OF LEUKEMIA: Young adulthood, increased granulocytes, "philadelphia chromosome" #22 | Chronic Myelocytic |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: Most common form of genetic dwarfism. Growth plates affected. Failure of normal epiphyseal cartilage formation. "Bullet vertebrae" "Trident Hand" | Achondroplasia |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: Accumulation of homogentisic acid, blue-black deposits in cartilage. Causes ochronosis (calcification of discs in spine). Urine turns black on standing collection (can get increase of tyrosine). | Alkaptonuria |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: Hereditary progressive peroneal muscle atrophy. Affects Tibialis Anterior also. | Charcot Marie Tooth |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: Trisomy 21. Mental retardation. Flat hypo plastic face. Transverse palmar crease (Simian crease). Transposition with chromosome 14. | Down's |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: Trisomy 18. Retardation. | Edward's |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: Hereditary onset age 30-50. Basal ganglion affected. Atrophy of caudate. On chromosome #4. Decrease in GABA. Produces dementia and death | Huntington's chorea |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: Arachnodactyly (spider-like fingers), subluxation or dislocation of the lens of the eye, dissecting aortic aneurysms, tall stature | Marfan's |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: Defect in type 1 collagen, blue sclera, brittle bones | Osteogenesis Imperfecta |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: Can't convert phenylalanine to tyrosine due to phenylalanine hydroxylase. Retardation can be controlled by diet if caught early enough. Phenylalanine free diet for life. | Phenylketonuria |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: Lacks enzyme (glucose-6-phosphatase) in liver. Excess glycogen stored in liver, can't break down. Glycogen storage disease. | Von Gierke's |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: CHS #5 aberration. Cats cry. Characteristic cry of newborn. Disappears usually by age 1-2. | Cri du Chat |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: Lipodystrophy. Excess glucocerebrosides in brain, liver and spleen | Gaucher's |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: Lipodystrophy. Excess galactocerebrosides in a white matter | Krabbe's |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: Lipodystrophy. Increased sphingomyelin. A sphingomyelinase deficiency. | Riemann Pick's |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: Lipodystrophy. Increased gangliosides in brain. Cherry spots on the macula. Most common in Ashkenazi Jews. Hexosaminidase deficiency | Tay Sach's |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: Boys 3-7. Pseudohypertrophy of calves. Muscle replaced by fat. Recessive X linked. Waddling gait. Proximal muscles affected. | Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: Autosomal dominant form of muscular dystrophy in adults. Affects face, scapula, upper arms | Fascioscapulohumeral dystrophy |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: Autosomal class of muscular dystrophy. Affects hips and shoulders. Teenagers. | Limb girdle dystrophy |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: Can't relax muscle | Myotonic dystrophy |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: Most common form mild mental retardation caused by fragile site at "XQ27" | Fragile X |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: 47XXY karyotype, tall male, low IQ, testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, sterile | Kleinfelter's |
| NAME OF GENETIC DISEASE: 45X0 Karyotype, female, short, webbed neck, amenorrhea, lacks female 2ndary characteristics | Turner's |
| NAME THE BONE PATHOLOGY: Forrestier's Disease. Male 50+. trouble swallowing due to calcification of ALL. Associated with diabetes mellitus. | DISH |
| NAME THE BONE PATHOLOGY: Calcium or bone within muscle due to trauma. Most common in quads or biceps. "prussian's disease" | Myosssitis Ossificans |
| NAME THE BONE PATHOLOGY: "Charcot joint" Most common location is foot/ankle. Caused by diabetes, corticosteroids, syringomyelia. Associated with 6 Ds. (Destruction, Debris of bone, Density increase, Dislocation, Disorganization, Distension) | Neuropathic Joint |
| NAME THE BONE PATHOLOGY: "Marble bone disease" "Albers Schonbergs disease" Early stage = bone within a bone. Late stage = sandwich vertebra. Patient dies by 20-30 from hepatosplenomegaly and anemia | Osteopetrosis |
| NAME THE BONE PATHOLOGY: Men over 50, increased hat size, cortical bone thickening, increased alkaline phosphate, pathological cell is the osteoclastic cell | Pagets |
| NAME THE BONE PATHOLOGY: 4 stages of pagets | 1. lytic phase 2. missed phase combined 3. plastic phase 4. malignant degeneration |
| NAME THE BONE PATHOLOGY: Progressive systemic sclerosis. Resorption of distal tufts. CREST signs: Calcinoshs Cutis, Raynaud's phenomenon, Esophageal problems, Sclerodactely, Telangiectasis = dilation of superficial blood vessels | Scleroderma |
| NAME THE BONE TERMINOLOGY: Dead necrotic center | Sequestrum |
| NAME THE BONE TERMINOLOGY: New bone formation | Involcrum |
| NAME THE BONE TERMINOLOGY: Opening from bone to the skin. Seen with Brodie's access. | Cloaca |
| NAME THE MINERAL/ENZYME TERMINOLOGY: Elevated in prostatic cancer which as erupted the prostate capsule | Acid phosphatase |
| NAME THE MINERAL/ENZYME TERMINOLOGY: Elevated in liver and bone conditions | Alkaline phosphatase |
| NAME THE MINERAL/ENZYME TERMINOLOGY: Build up of lipofuscin in organs | Brown Atrophy |
| NAME THE MINERAL/ENZYME TERMINOLOGY: #1 mineral deficiency in the US | Calcium |
| NAME THE MINERAL/ENZYME TERMINOLOGY: #1 mineral deficiency in the world | Iron |
| NAME THE ARTHRITIS: "Marie Stumper's disease" Seronegative arthritis. HLA B27+. Autoimmune. Starts age 15-35 males. Can cause AAA & iritis. | Ankylosing Spondylitis |
| NAME THE ARTHRITIS: Coal miners lung with RA nodules | Caplan's syndrome |
| NAME THE ARTHRITIS: Chronic rheumatoid arthritis with splenomegaly | Felty's Syndrome |
| NAME THE ARTHRITIS: Usually affects the knee. Green-yellow pus. | Gonococcal |
| NAME THE ARTHRITIS: Uric acid. Most common cause is high diet in purine. Overhanging edge sign. "Juxtaarticular erosions" | Gouty arthritis (metabolic arthritis) |
| NAME THE ARTHRITIS: Uric acid specifically in big toe | Podagra |
| NAME THE ARTHRITIS: Usually affects the knee. Causes enlarged intercondylar notch. | Hemophilia |
| NAME THE ARTHRITIS: Unilateral distribution in weight bearing joints. Osteophytes. Location: Hip then knee | Osteoarthritis |
| NAME THE ARTHRITIS: Osteoarthritis in DIP | Heberden's Nodes |
| NAME THE ARTHRITIS: Osteoarthritis in PIP | Bouchard's |
| NAME THE ARTHRITIS: Seronegative. HLA B27+. Periarticular erosions. Mouse ears. Pencil in cup deformities. Sausage digits. Silver scales. Pitted nails. | Psoriatic Arthritis (PA) |
| NAME THE ARTHRITIS: Seronegative. HLA B27+. Chlamydia. White Pus. Conjunctivitis, Urethritis, Arthritis (Can't see, can't pee, can't dance with me). | Reiter's aka reactive arthritis |
| NAME THE ARTHRITIS: Inflammatory condition. Bilateral symmetrical. Ulnar deviations. Pannus formation. Rat bite or marginal erosions. Swan neck deformity. | Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) |
| NAME THE ARTHRITIS: Arthritis in MCP | Haygarth's nodules |
| NAME THE ARTHRITIS: PEAR P=Psoriatic E=Enteropathic arthropothy A=Ankylosing spondylitis R=Reactive syndrome | Seronegative arthritis |
| NAME THE ARTHRITIS: RSSS R=Rheumatoid arthritis S=Sjoren's S=Scleraderma S=Systemic Lupus Erythmatosis | Seropositive arthritis |
| NAME THE ARTHRITIS: Dry eyes (xerophthalmia), Dry mouth (xerostomia) Seropositive for RA | Sjorens |
| NAME THE ARTHRITIS: Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis | Still's disease |
| NAME THE ARTHRITIS: Photosensitivity, Libman Sach's endocarditis. Autoimmune disease. Antibodies against DNA. Butterfly rash aka malar rash. | Systemic Lupus Erythematosis |
| NAME THE BONE DISEASE: Death of bone due to lack of blood. Most common cause is trauma but can also be caused by corticosteroids. | Osteonecrosis (Avascular necrosis) |
| NAME OF AVASCULAR NECROSIS: Lunate | Keinboch's disease |
| NAME OF AVASCULAR NECROSIS: Tarsal navicular | Kohler's disease |
| NAME OF AVASCULAR NECROSIS: Head of femur of child | Legge Calve Perthes |
| NAME OF AVASCULAR NECROSIS: Scaphoid | Preisser's disease |
| NAME OF AVASCULAR NECROSIS: Multiple vertebral endplates. Disc space narrowing | Scheuermann's disease |
| NAME OF FRACTURE: Most common fracture of the wrist. Fracture of distal radius with posterior displacement. "Dinner fork deformity" | Colles fracture |
| NAME OF FRACTURE: Tibial Apophysitis. Avulsion of tibial tuberosity of knee in young athletic children | Osgood Schlatter's |
| NAME OF FRACTURE: Reverse Colles. Fracture of distal radius with anterior displacement. Garden spade deformity | Smith's Fracture |
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