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ch21 out of man
chapter 21 out of many
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lillian Wald | 25 year old nurse, helped poor people, established visiting nurse service |
| Henry Street Settlement | became the base of Lillian’s nursing service; donated by Jacob Schiff in 1895 |
| Jacob Schiff | donated the house that Lillian Wald would use as her nursing service in 1895 |
| Neighborhood Playhouses | settlements known for music, theater, and dance |
| Progressives | believed that America needed a new social consciousness to deal with problems caused by enormous rush of economic and social change in post~Civil War years |
| Social Darwinism | the application of Charles Darwin’s theory of biological evolution to society, holding that the fittest and wealthiest survive, the weak and the poor perish, and government action is unable to alter the “natural” process |
| Jane Addams | found one of the first settlement house, Hull House, in Chicago in 1889 |
| Florence Kelley | helped direct the support of the settlement house movement behind groundbreaking state and federal labor legislation; appointed chief inspector of new law; published Hull House Maps and Papers |
| Julia Lathrop | the first women to head a federal bureau, director of the U.S Children’s Bureau established in 1912 |
| progressive era | an era in the United States (roughly between 1900~1917) in which important movements challenged traditional relationships and attitudes |
| George Washington Plunkitt | a stalwart of New York’s Tammany Hall machine, defended honest graft: making money from inside info on public improvements |
| Timothy D. “Big Tim” Sullivan | popular machine, risen from poverty, fortune came from vaudeville investments |
| prohibition | a ban on the production, sale, and consumption of liquor, achieved temporarily through state laws and the Eighteenth Amendment |
| “good government” | movement led by National Municipal League, fought to make city management nonpartisan, nonpolitical process by bringing administrative techniques of large corporations to cities |
| Thomas L Johnson | wealthy businessman; served as mayor from 1901~1909; emphasized efficiency and social welfare; program: lower streetcar fare, public baths, milk and meat inspection, expanded park and playgrounds |
| Robert M La Follette | republican who forged a coalition of angry farmers, businessmen, and workers with attacks on railroads and others. |
| “Wisconsin Idea” | application of academic scholarship and theory to the needs of the people |
| initiative | procedure by which citizens can introduce a subject for legislation, usually through a petition signed by a specific number of voters |
| referendum | submission of a law, proposed or already in effect, to a direct popular vote for approval or rejection |
| recall | the process of removing an official from office by popular vote, usually after using petitions to call for such a vote |
| Hiram Johnson | attorney who won a 1910 progressive campaign for governor on slogan “Kick the southern pacific railroad out of politics” |
| “Jim Crow” laws | required separation of races in restaurants, streetcars, beaches, and theaters |
| Edgar Gardner Murphy and Alexander McKelway | reform minded ministers who attacked child labor by focusing on the welfare of children and mothers |
| Alabama and North Carolina | 1903~ enacted first state child labor laws 12 was minimum |
| Jacob Riis | How the Other Half Lives shocked the nation in 1890. analyzed slum housing patterns |
| S.S. McClure | young Midwestern editor who in 1893 started first magazine McClure’s. |
| Lincoln Steffen | The Shame of the Cities(1902) revealed widespread graft at center of American urban politics |
| Ida Tarbell | History of Standard Oil Company documented about how Rockefellar squeezed out competitors unfairly |
| Upton Sinclair | The Jungle a socialist tract set among Chicago packing house workers |
| David Graham Phillips | argued that many conservative senators were no more than mouthpieces for big businesses |
| Theodore Roosevelt | coined term “muckraker” for authors because they insulted his friends |
| Lester Frank Ward | offered important critique of social Darwinism |
| John Dewey | criticized excessively rigid approach to education |
| John R. Commons | founded new field of industrial relations and organized state industrial commission that became a model |
| Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. | scholar and Mass. judge, believed law had to take account changing social conditions |
| Lochner vs. New York | court struck down a state law setting a 10hr day for bakers |
| Muller vs. Oregon | court upheld an Oregon law limiting the maximum hours for working women |
| Brandeis Belief | common strategy for lawyers defending the constitutionality of progressive legislation |
| Edward A. Ross | Social Control, argued that society needed an “ethical elite” of citizens |
| Women’s Christian Temperance Union | powerful mass organization in late 19th century, largest organization in history |
| Anti~Saloon league | founded in 1893, began by organizing local~option campaigns in which rural countries and small towns banned liquor |
| pietists | opponents of alcohol |
| Mann Act | made it a federal offense to transport women across state lines for “immoral purposes” |
| National Board of Censorship | created by movie producers and exhibitors with the reform minded people. |
| Elwood Cubberley | leading educational reformer, expressed the view that schools could be the vehicle by which immigrant kids could break free from parochial ethnic neighborhoods |
| Smith~Hughes Act of 1917 | provided federal grants to support programs and set up a Federal Board for Vocational Education |
| barrios | distinct communities of Mexicans |
| Women’s Trade Union League | group of sympathetic female reformers that includes Lillian Wald, Mary Dreier |
| International Ladies Garment Workers Union | founded in 1900, gain strength and negotiated with some of city’s shirtwaist makers |
| NY state Factory Investigation commission | created by Tammany hall leaders and Sullivan to check sites for safety |
| Colorado Fuel and Iron Company | |
| National Association of Manufacturers | group of smaller industrialist founded in 1903 launched an “open shop” campaign to eradicate unions |
| Danbury Hatters Case | a federal court ruled that secondary boycotts, aimed by strikers at other companies doing business with their employer were illegal under Sherman Anittrust Act |
| Wobblies | popular name for the members of the Industrial Workers of the World(IWW) |
| William D. “Big Bill” Haywood | imposing, one eyed, hard~rock miner and emerged as most influential and flamboyant spokesman for IWW |
| bohemian | referred to anyone who had artistic or intellectual aspirations and lived with disregard for conventional rules of behavior |
| Greenwich village | neighborhood of paintners, journalist, poets, social workers, lawyers, and political activists |
| National Consumers league | started in 1898 by Maud Nathan and Josephine Lowell, sponsored “white label” campaign in which manufacturers who met safely could put NCL labels on food and clothing |
| birth control | coined by Margaret Sanger around 1913 |
| National Negro Business League | Booker Washington and Carnegie found it to preach the virtue of black business development in black communities |
| Niagara movement | African American group organized in 1905 to promote racial integration, civil and political rights, and equal access to economic opportunity |
| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People | interracial organization co~founded by W.E.B. Du Bois in 1910 dedicated to restoring African American political and social rights |
| Northern Securities vs U.S. | court held that the stock transactions constituted an illegal combination in restraint of interstate commerce |
| Hepburn Act | act that strengthened the ICC by authorizing it to set max railroad rate and inspect financial records |
| Food and Drug act | act that established the FDA which tested and approved drugs before they went on the market |
| Meat Inspection Act | tested meats |
| U.S. forest service | created by Theodore and assigned Pinchot to watch over it |
| Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902 | established the Reclamation Bureau within the department of the interior |
| New Freedom | Woodrow Wilson’s 1912 program for limited government intervention in the economy to restore competition by curtailing the restrictive influences of trusts and protective tariffs, thereby providing opportunities for individual achievement |
| Underwood~Simmons Act of 1913 | reform law that lowered tariff rates and levied first regular federal income tax |
| 16th Amendment of 1913 | authorized federal income tax |
| federal reserve act | 1913 law that revised banking and currency by extending limited gov’t regulation through creation of Federal Reserve System |
| clayton antitrust act of 1914 | replace old Sherman Act. Exempted unions from being construed as illegal combinations in restraint of trade, and it forbade federal courts from issuing injunctions against strikers |
| federal trade commission | government agency established in 1914 to provide regulatory oversight of business activity |
| Keating~Owen Act | banned children under 14 from working in enterprises engaged in interstate commerce |
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