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ch17 out of many
chapter 17 out of many
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Radical Republicans | A shifting group of Republican congressmen, usually a substantial minority, who favored the abolition of slavery form the beginning of the Civil War and later advocated harsh treatment of the defeated South |
| Congressman Henry W. Davis and Senator Benjamin Wade | Both Radicals, proposed a harsher alternative to the Ten Percent Plan, Wade~Davis bill, requiring 50 percent of the seceding state’s white male citizen s to take loyalty oath in public |
| Ten Percent Plan | Lincoln’s proposed plan in which only 10 percent of white male citizens were need to rejoin the union |
| Gen. Benjamin Butler | Began a policy of transforming slaves on LA sugar plantations into wage laborers under the close supervision of occupying federal troops |
| Special Field Order 15 | Order by General William T. Sherman in January 1865 to set aside abandoned land along the southern Atlantic coast for forty~acre grants to freedman; rescinded by President Andrew Johnson later that year |
| Freedman’s Bureau | Agency established by congress in march 1865 to provide social, educational, and economic services, advice, and protection to former slaves and destitute whites; lasted seven years. |
| Andrew Johnson | A Democrat and former slaveholder, was a most unlikely successor to Lincoln. |
| Thaddeus Stevens | Called for confiscation of 400million acres belonging to the wealthiest 10% of south and given to black and white yeomen |
| Black Codes | Laws passed by states and municipalities denying many rights of citizenship to free black people before the Civil War |
| Civil Rights Bill | Bestowed full citizenship on African American’s, overturned the 1857 Dred Scott decision and black codes |
| Civil Rights Act | 1866 act that gave full citizenship to African Americans |
| 14th Amendment | Defined national citizenship to include former slavs and prohibited the states from violating the privileges of citizens without due process of law |
| Congressional Reconstruction | Name given to the period 1867~70 when the Republican~dominated Congress controlled reconstruction~era party |
| Reconstruction Act | 1867 act that divided the south into five military districts subject to martial law |
| Tenure of Office Act | Act stipulating that any officeholder appointed by the president with the Senate’s advice and consent could not be removed until the Senate had approved a successor |
| Edwin M. Stanton | Republican who could be entrusted with implementing Congressional Reconstruction |
| General Grant | Replaced Stanton as Secretary of War |
| Horatio Seymour | Democratic nominee for the 1868 elections who was a former governor of NY |
| Ku Klux Klan | Perhaps the most prominent of the vigilante groups that terrorized black people in the South during the Reconstruction era, founded by the Confederate veterans in 1866 |
| 15th Amendment | Passed by congress in 1869, guaranteed the right of American men to vote, regardless of race |
| Elizabeth Stanton | Leader with long involvement in both antislavery and feminist movements |
| Susan B. Anthony | Same as Stanton |
| American Equal Rights Association | Founded by Stanton, Anthony and Lucy Stone in 1866; launched a series of lobbying and petition campaigns to remove racial and sexual restrictions on voting |
| American Woman Suffrage Association | Moderate group led by Lucy Stone focused on achieving woman suffrage at the state level |
| National Women Suffrage Association | All female group founded by the more radical wing |
| American Missionary Association | Helped sponsor teachers and founding of colleges |
| Black Colleges | Tougaloo, Hampton, and Fisk |
| Oliver Howard | Chief commissioner of the Freedman’s Bureau |
| Sharecropping | Labor system that evolved during and after Reconstruction whereby landowners furnished laborers with a house, farm animals, and tools and advance credit in exchange for a share of the laborer’s crop |
| Union league | Largely white middle~class patriotic club which became the political voice of the former slaves |
| Carpet baggers | Northern transplants to the south, many of whom were Union soldiers who stayed in the south after the war |
| Albert Morgon | An army veteran from OH and settle in MI. became active in Republican politics |
| Scalawags | Southern whites, mainly small landowning farmers and well~of merchants and planters, who supported the southern Republican Party during Reconstruction |
| Enforcement Act | Passed three designed to counter racial terrorism |
| Ku Klux Klan Act | Made the violent infringement of civil and political rights a federal crime punishable by the national government |
| Amos T. Akerman | Prosecuted hundreds of Klansmen in NC and MS |
| Slaughter House Case | Group of cases resulting in one sweeping decision by the U.S. supreme court in 1873 that contradicted the intent of the 14th amendment by decreeing that most citizenship rights remained under state, not federal, control |
| United States vs. Reese and vs. Cruikshank | Two decisions along with another that curtailed federal protection of black civil rights |
| Civil Rights Case | Court declared the Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional, holding that the 14th Amendment gave Congress the power to outlaw discrimination by states, not by private individuals |
| Burlingame Treaty | Gave Chinese the rights to emigrate to the United States |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | In 1882, congressed passed, suspending any further Chinese immigration for 10 years |
| Leland Stanford | Former gov. of Cali and pres of Central Pacific Railroad, hammered the ceremonial golden spike |
| National Mineral Act | In 1866, mining companies received millions of acres of free public land |
| Liberal Republicans | Disaffected Republicans that emphasized the doctrines of classical economics. |
| Chicago Citizens Association | A new political organization that united businessmen in campaigns for fiscal conservatism an defense of property rights |
| Whiskey Ring | 1875 conspiracy between distillers and revenue agents to cheat gov. of millions on tax revenue. Gov. secured indictments against more than 200 members of this ring |
| Electoral Commission | Created by congress to settle deadlock, consisted of 5 senators, 5 congressmen, and 5 supreme court justices: 8 republics and 7 democrats |
| Compromise of 1877 | The congressional settling of the 1876 election that installed Republican Rutherford B. Hayes in the White House and gave Democrats control of all the state governments in the south |
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