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ch4 out of many
chapter 4 out of many
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Georgia’s charter | original charter in 1732 prohibited slavery but was lifted two decades later when it became a royal colony. |
| Rice | on of the most valuable commodities produced in mainland North America surpassed only by tobacco and wheat |
| Veritable orgy | rice planters engaged in slave trading and historians call it this |
| Country born | Africans native to America and thus born into slavery |
| Saltwater Africans | names for a majority of country born slaves on a rice plantation |
| Plantation slaves | were married, had children and over time constructed kinship of networks. Passed on African names and traditions. |
| Venetians and Genoese | they led the traffic of capturing Slavic people( from where slave was derived from) and Muslim and African |
| First Slaves | arrived in Lisbon in 1441 |
| Madeira | Portuguese island colony off the coast of northern Africa where most of the slaves were sent to work on sugar plantations |
| Lesser Antilles | English and French started construction plantations and importing slaves to work on the island |
| English Barbados and French Martinique | highly profitable colonies because of sugar |
| Jamaica | seized in 1655 by the English |
| St. Dominique | present day Haiti, taken over by the French in 1670 |
| Polygyny | practiced by people in West Africa, men would take a second or third wife. |
| Shift cultivation | when they cleared land by burning, used hoes or digging sticks to cultivate field, and after several years moved on to tother plots while the cleared land lay fallow |
| Timbuktu | developed into a trading center along the Niger River |
| Olaudah Equiano | and Ibo captured and shipped to America as a a slave in 1756 when he was a boy of eleven |
| Africans | made up the largest group of migrants to com e to America before the 19th century |
| 1807 | year when the United States ended slavery. |
| Seven Years’ War | war fought in Europe, North America, and India between 1756 and 1763, pitting France and it allies against Great Britain and its allies |
| Almost twice as many men as women were transported to the Americas | |
| Holland | became the most prominent slave trading nation during the sugar boom of the 17th century |
| John Hawkins | his voyages allowed the English to enter the trade in the 16th century |
| Royal African Company | a slave trading monopoly based in London, was chartered in 1672, but in 1698 England threw open the trade to independent merchants. |
| Venture Smith | an African born in Guinea in 1729 was only eight years old when he was captured. |
| Barracoons | open pens in which the prisoners waited |
| Middle Passage | the voyage between the West Africa and the New World slave colonies. |
| Cape Verde | the cape at which ships would catch the trade winds blowing toward America |
| Flux | dysentery |
| Charleston | the sales were generally made by auction, or by a cruel method known as the scramble |
| Scramble | the prices ewere set in advance, the Africans driven into a corral, and on the cue the buyers rushed among them and seized their picking |
| King Dom Affonso of Kongo | he wrote to the monarch of Portugal in 16th century to stop taking more Africans |
| John Rolfe | took 20 slaves from a Dutch slave trader in 1619 and brought the first Africans in Virginia |
| Society with Slaves | a society in which slavery was one form of labor among several |
| John Castor | an indentured servant who came to Virginia to serve 7 to 8 years but was kept longer by his African decent master Anthony Johnson |
| Mulattoes | Africans, Indians and Europeans produced sizable group of free people of mixed ancestry |
| Slave society | dominant form of labor was slavery |
| 1700 and 1710 | time period in which most Africans were imported to North America than the entire previous century |
| Tobacco | the single most important commodity produced in 18th century North America |
| Upper South colonies | Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina |
| Caribbean and Brazil | worked slaves till death on sugar plantations |
| South Carolina | started off as a slave society, they divided and conquered Indians and sent them off as slaves in the Caribbean |
| Tuscarora tribe | Indian tribe attacked by the colonist in the Carolinas, in turn the Yamasee stages an uprising in 1715 that defeated colonial forces |
| Elizabeth Lucas Pinckney | discovered how to grow and cultivate indigo, was from South Carolina, 1740s. |
| Indigo | a plant native to India and produced a deep blue dye important in textile manufacture. |
| Georgia | created by an act of the English Parliament in 1732, its leader was James Edward Oglethorpe, was a no slavery colony but later changed. |
| James Edward Oglethorpe | leader of Georgia colony, hoped to create a buffer between Spanish and make it a haven for poor farmers who could sell products in markets of South Carolina |
| Spanish Florida | had the most benign form of slavery, slaves could be found in many Florida settlements, but conditions of servitude were like household slavery |
| St. Augustine | city in Spanish Florida where refugee Indians and Africans made many communities around it |
| Fort Mose | city manned by Negro troops commanded by their own officers |
| Louisiana | colony founded by the French in the lower Mississippi Valley in early 18th century. French Canadians est. bases at Biloxi and Mobile but it was not until 1718 that New Orleans was est. |
| Natchez Rebellion | 1629, the Natchez and slaves rose together in armed uprising |
| John Hepburn | 1715, published first north American critique of slavery |
| John Woolman | wrote the Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes(1754) |
| Philadelphia Friends Meeting | 1758, voted to condemn slavery and urged master to voluntarily free their slaves |
| Creoles | country~born slaves, a term first used by slaves in Brazil to distinguish their children, born in the New World |
| Negro cotton | the fabric used to make garments for slaves |
| Slave codes | a series of laws passed mainly in the southern colonies in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries to defend the status of slaves and codify the denial of basic civil rights to them |
| Elizabeth Freeman | born into slavery in Mass. in 1742. enlisted the antislavery lawyer Thomas Sedgewich who helped her win her freedom in 1772. |
| Great Awakening | tremendous religious revival in colonial America striking first in the Middle colonies and New England in the 1740s and then spreading to the southern colonies |
| Patting Juba | slapping their thighs to make music |
| Gullah and Geechee | named after two of the African peoples most prominent in the Carolina and Georgia low country. They were dialects |
| Gumbos | soups |
| Jambalayas | stews |
| Negro Jigs | negro music to which slaves were asked to dance to |
| Maroons | place where the runaways collected in communities. |
| Seminoles | name of communities of African and Indian people who escaped slavery and went to Spanish Florida |
| Great Dismal Swamp | coastal region between Virginia and North Carolina where a number of fugitives collected |
| Chesapeake rebellion of 1730 | largest slave uprising of the colonial period, slaves assembled in Norfolk and Princess Anne countries, they were soon hunted down by colonist hired Indians |
| Fountain | economic importance of the slave trade |
| Merchant capitalist | investors in the expansion of the expansion of the merchant marine, the improvement of harbors, and the construction of canals. |
| Mercantilism | economic system whereby the government intervenes in the economy for the purpose of increasing national wealth |
| Zero~sum | the view the mercantilist viewed the economy, in which total economic gains were equal to total losses. |
| Anglo~Dutch Wars of 1650s~1670s—England successfully overtook Holland as the dominant Atlantic power | |
| Queen Anne’s War | American phase(1702~1713) of Europe’s War of the Spanish Succession |
| Robert Walpole | British prime minister from 1721~1748 |
| War of Jenkins’s Ear | Great Britain versus Spain in the Caribbean and Georgia. Part of the European conflict known as the War of the Austrian Succession |
| King George’s War | The third Anglo~French war in Norht Amreica(1744~1748), part of the European conflict known as the War of the Austrian Succession |
| Casa de Contratacion | the first state trading monopoly created by Spanish monarchy |
| Navigation Acts | defined the colonies as both suppliers of raw materials and as markets for English manufactured goods. |
| Enumerated commodities | list of things that could be shipped only to England |
| Wool Act of 1699, Hat Act of 1732, Iron Act of 1750 | forbade the production of those goods in the colonies |
| Enumerated goods | items produced in the colines and enumerated in acts of parliament that could be legally shipped from the colony of origin only to specified locations. |
| Interlocking directorate | binded themselves together thru marriage alliances, business deals, dressing in lace, silk, and wigs, staging elaborate public rituals designed to awe common folk |
| Tidewater county | where the wealthy Virginian planters live and own several acres of land. |
| First Families of Virginia | Carters, Harrisons, Lees, Fitzhughs, Washingtons, Randolphs, and others were a self~perpetuation governing class |
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