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MrsVanDyke Chapter10
Abnormal Psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Psychopathology | Any pattern of emotions, behaviors, or thoughts inappropriate to the situation and leading to personal distress or the inability to achieve goals |
| Hallucinations | False sensory experiences that may suggest mental disorder |
| Delusions | Extreme disorders of thinking, involving persistent false beliefs |
| Affect | Term referring to emotion or mood |
| Medical Model | View that mental disorders are diseases that, like ordinary physical diseases, have objective physical causes and require specific treatments |
| Social-Cognitive-Behavioral Approach | Psychological alternative to the medical model that views psychological disorder through a combination o the social, cognitive, and behavioral perspectives |
| DSM-IV | Fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Assoc. |
| Neurosis | Before the DSM-IV, this term was used as a label for subjective distress or self-defeating behavior that did not show signs of brain abnormalities or grossly irrational thinking |
| Psychosis | Disorder involving profound disturbances in perception, rational thinking, or affect |
| Mood Disorders | Abnormal disturbances in emotion or mood, including bipolar and unipolar disorder |
| Major Depression | Form of depression that does not alternate with mania |
| Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) | Technically Seasonal Pattern Specifier, this DSM-IV course specifier for mood disorders is believed to be a form of depression caused by a deprivation of sunlight |
| Bipolar Disorder | Mental abnormality involving swings of mood from mania to depression |
| Anxiety Disorders | Mental problems characterized mainly by anxiety; include panic disorder, specific phobias, and OCD |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | Psychological problem characterized by persistent and pervasive feelings f anxiety, without any external cause |
| Panic Disorder | Disturbance marked by panic attacks that have no obvious connection with events in the person's present experience |
| Agoraphobia | Fear of public places and open spaces, commonly accompanying panic disorder |
| Phobias | Group of anxiety disorders involving a pathological fear f a specific object or situation |
| Preparedness Hypothesis | Notion that we have an innate tendency, acquired through natural selection, to respond quickly and automatically to stimuli that posed a survival threat t ur ancestors |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | Condition characterized by patterns of persistent, unwanted thoughts and behaviors |
| Somatoform Disorders | Psychological problems appearing in the form of bodily symptoms or physical complaints, such as weakness r excessive worry about disease |
| Conversion Disorder | Type of somatoform disorder, marked by paralysis, weakness, or loss of sensation but with no discernable physical cause |
| Hypochondriasis | Somatoform disorder involving excessive concern about health and disease |
| Dissociative Disorders | Group of pathologies involving "fragmentation" of the personality, in which some parts of the personality have become detached, or disassociated, from other parts |
| Dissociative Amnesia | Psychologically induced loss of memory for personal information, such as one's identity or residence |
| Dissociative Fugue | Essentially the same as dissociative Amnesia, but with the addition of "flight" from one's home, family, and job |
| Depersonalization Disorder | Abnormality involving the sensation that mind and body have separated, as in an "out of body" experience |
| Dissociative Identity Disorder | Condition in which an individual displays multiple identities, r personalities, formerly called "multiple Personality disorder' |
| Schizophrenia | Psychotic disorder involving distortions in thoughts, perceptions, and/or emotions |
| Diathesis-Stress Hypothesis | In reference to Schizophrenia, the proposal that says that genetic factors place the individual at risk while environmental stress factors transform this potential into an actual schizophrenic disorder |
| Personality Disorder | Condition involving a chronic, pervasive, inflexible, and maladaptive pattern of thinking, emotion, social relationships, or impulse control |
| Narcissistic Personality Disorder | Characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a preoccupation with fantasies of success or power, and a need for constant attention r admiration |
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | Characterized by a long-standing pattern of irresponsible behavior indicating a lack of conscience and a diminished sense of responsibility to others |
| Borderline Personality Disorder | An unstable personality given to impulsive behavior |
| Autism | Developmental disorder marked by disabilities in language, social interaction, and the ability to understand another person's state of mind |
| Dyslexia | Reading disability, thought by some experts to involve a brain disorder |
| Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | Developmental disability involving short attention span, distractibility, and extreme difficulty in remaining inactive for any period of time |
| Insanity | Legal term, not a psychological or psychiatric one, referring to a person who is unable, because of a mental disorder or defect, to conform his or her behavior to the law |
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MrsVanDyke
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