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KIN/Planes

Planes and directional terms of movement.

QuestionAnswer
Sagittal Plane Divides the body in left and right halves.
Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane) Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.
Transverse Plane Divides the body into superior and inferior portions.
Cranial Closer to the head. Used when referring to structures in the trunk.
Caudal Closer to the buttocks. Used when referring to structures in the trunk.
Posterior Towards the back of the body.
Anterior Towards the front of the body.
Medial Towards the midline of the body.
Lateral Further away from the midline.
Distal Farther away from the trunk. Arms and legs only.
Proximal Closer to the trunk. Arms and legs only.
Superficial Closer to the surface of the body.
Deep Farther away from the surface of the body.
Ventral Same as anterior, coronal, etc.
Dorsal Same as posterior.
Extension Movement that straightens or opens a joint.
Flexion Movement that bends a joint or brings the bones closer together.
Adduction Brings a limb medially toward the body's midline.
Abduction Moves limb laterall away from the midline.
Medial Rotation Sometimes referred to as internal rotation. Shoulder and hip joints only. Turns the limb inward toward the midline.
Lateral Rotation Sometimes referred to as external rotation. Swings the limb away from the midline.
Rotation Axial skeleton only. Movement of the head and vertebral column along the transverse plane.
Circumduction Shoulder and hip joints only. Cone shaped movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
Prone The position of lying faced down on the table.
Supine The position of lying face up.
Sidlying Lying on your side.
Lateral Flexion Axial skeleton only. Example: head or vertebral column bend laterally to the side.
Supination*Hint: carrying soup. Pivoting action of the forearm which results in the palm facing upward.
Pronation Pivoting action of the forearm that results in the palm facing downward.
Opposition Thumb only. Occurs when the thumb crosses the palm toward the "pinkie" finger.
Inversion*Hint: INward. Joints of the feet. Elevates the foot's medial side and brings the sole of the foot medially.
Eversion Joints of the feet. Elevates the foots lateral side and moves the sole laterally.
Plantar Flexion*Hint: it would really hurt to do this with plantar warts. Releve position in dance.
Dorsiflextion Opposite of plantar flexion. Example: picking your toes and ball of foot, balancing on your heels.
Protraction*Hint: PROtrude. Scapula, clavical, head, jaw. Occurs when one of these structures moves anteriorly.
Retraction*Hint: RETReat Scapula, clavical, head, jaw. Occurs when one of these structures moves posteriorly.
Elevation Scapula and jaw. Movement superiorly.
Depression*Hint: dePRESSion Scapula and jaw. Movement inferiorly.
Created by: kerwin90
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