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Peroidic Table
Vocab for elements
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
Mass | The material/stuff that matter is made up of- it can be measured. |
Space/Volume | The specific area/place that matter takes up. |
Density | D=m/v The amount of mass in specific volume of space |
Atom | Smallest part of an element, the building blocks of all matter |
Electron | Particle of atom with a negative charge, moves around the nucleus and has an attractive force that allows it to bond with other atoms creating everything in the universe |
Proton | Particle of an atom with a positive charge located inside the nucleus |
Neutron | Particle of an atom with a neutral /no charge located inside the nucleus along with the proton |
Periodic Table | Large grid that identifies and classifies all of the elements by their chemical and physical properties |
Element | The simplest substances that cannot be broken down / they make up all matter in the universe |
Periods/Rows | Rows that tell how many energy levels each elements has for the electrons to move around |
Groups or Family/Columns | Columns that tell how many valence electrons each element has / the number of electrons that can move on its outer shell / energy level |
Valence Electrons | The electrons that move on the outer shell / energy level of an atom |
Atomic Number | How many protons an element has inside the nucleus / usually is same # of neutrons and electrons |
Atomic Mass | The measurement of the mass for an elements atoms |
Chemical Property | The ability of substances to combine with one another forming new and different compounds and molecules |
Physical Property | The state of matter and appearance of a substance |
Ionic Bond | When elements either lose or gain an electron during bonding |
Covalent Bond | When elements share electrons during bonding |
Chemical Change/Reaction | Elements bond together through the attractive force of electrons creating some type of reaction and change |
Compound/Molecule | Two or more elements combine together in a specific ratio/pattern creating a whole, new and different substance |
Mixture | Two or more substances combine together keeping their original properties, they do NOT change into a new substance/compound |
Nobel Gases | all of the elements in Group #18 - they are the most stable elements because they have eight electrons in their outer shell |
Halogens | All of the elements in Group #17 – they are very reactive bonding easily with elements in Group #1 because they have seven valence electrons and want to be stable |
Alkali Metals | All of the elements in Group #1 – they are very reactive because they have only one valence electron |
Metalloids | Elements between metals and non-metals that can react either way, they have 3 – 7 valence electrons |