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Ch. 13 Vocab

Tang and Song Dynasties

TermDefinition
Yangdi Second member of Sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system; assassinated in 618
Li Yuan a.k.a Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over empire following assassination of Yangdi; first emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gaozu
Chang'an Capital of the Tang dynasty; population of 2 million, larger than any other city in the world at that time
Ministry of Rites Administered examinations to students from Chinese gov. schools or those recommended by distinguished scholars.
Jinshi Title granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office
pure land Buddhism Emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among masses pf Chinese society
Chan Buddhism a.k.a Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society
Zen Buddhism Known as Chan Buddhism in China; stressed meditation and the appreciation of natural and artistic beauty
Empress Wu Tang ruler 690-705 c.e. in China; supported Buddhist establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created
Wuzong Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly prosecuted Buddhism by destroying monasteries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology
Xuanzong Leading Chinese emperor of the tang dynasty who reigned from 713 to 755, although he encouraged overexpansion
Yang Guifei Royal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of her relatives into royal administration led to revolt (719-756)
Zhao Kuangyin Founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following the fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent
Liao dynasty Founded in 970 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song dynasty in China
Khitans Nomadic peoples of Manchuria; militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture; forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century
Zhu Xi (1130-1200) Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action
neo-Confucians Revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song era China; great impact on the dynasties that followed; their emphasis on tradition and and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences
Tangut Rulers of Xi Xia kingdom of northwest China; on of regional kingdoms during the period of southern Song; conquered by Mongols in 1226
Xi Xia Kingdom of the Tangut people, north of Song kingdom, in mid 11th century; collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese pleasantry
Wang Anshi Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society
Jurchens Founders of the Jin kingdom that succeeded the Laio in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to the south.
Jin Kingdom north of Song Empire; established bu Jurchens in 1115 after overthrowing Liao dynasty; ended in 1234
Southern Song Rump state of Song dynasty from 1227 to 1279 carved out of the much larger domains ruled by the Tang and northern Song; culturally one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history
Grand Canal Built in 7th century during reign of Yangdi during Sui dynasty; designed to link the original centers of Chinese civilization on north China plain with the yangtze river basin to the south; nearly 1200 miles long
Junks Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads. sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of Malayan peninsula
flying money Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redemeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency
Li Bo Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings. The name is alternately spelled Li Po and Li Bai
Created by: ArayanziP
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