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Chapter 13&14
China
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Yangdi- | Second member of Sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system; assassinated in 618. |
Li Yuan- | Also known as the Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over empire following assassination of Yangdi; first emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gaozu. |
Chang'an- | Capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million, larger than any other city in the world at the time. |
Ministry of Rites- | Administered examinations to students from Chinese government schools or those recommended by distinguished scholars. |
Jinshi- | Title granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office. |
pure land Buddhism- | Emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among masses of Chinese society. |
Chan Buddhism- | Known as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society. |
Zen Buddhism- | Known as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty. |
Empress Wu- | Tang ruler 690-705 C.E. in china; supported Buddhist establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created. |
Wuzong- | Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monasteries in 840's; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology. |
Xuanzong- | Leading Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who reigned from 713 to 755, although the encouraged over expansion. |
Yang Guifei- | Royal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of her relatives into royal administration led to revolt. |
Zhao Kuangyin- | Founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Tauzi; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent. |
Liao dynasty- | Founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song dynasty in China. |
Khitans- | Nomadic peoples of Mucharia; militarily superior to Song dynasty China but influenced by Chinese culture; forced humiliating treaties on Song China in 11th century. |
Junks- | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula |
flying money- | Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency |
footbinding- | Practice in Chinese society of mutilating women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household |
Li Bo- | (701-762) Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings. The name is alternately spelled Li Po and Li Bai. |
Taika reforms- | Attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army |
The Tale of Genji, | Written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any language; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor; evidence for mannered style of Japanese society |
Fujiwara | Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power |
bushi | Regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies |
samurai | Mounted troops of Japanese warrior leaders (bushi); loyal to local lords, not the emperor |
seppuku | Ritual suicide or disembowelment in Japan; commonly known in West as hara-kiri; demonstrated courage and a means to restore family honor |
Taira- | Powerful Japanese family in 11th century |