click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Mosbys Essentials #5
Mosby's Essential Sciences - Chapter 5
Word | Definition |
---|---|
Afferent nerves | Sensory nerves that link sensory receptors with the central nervous system and transmit sensory information. |
Autonomic nervous system | A division of the peripheral nervous system composed of nerves that connect the central nervous system to the glands, heart, and smooth muscles to maintain the internal body environment. |
Cranial nerves | Twelve pairs of nerves that originate from the olfactory bulbs, thalamus, visual cortex, and brainstem. They transmit information to and from the sensory organs to the face and the muscles of the face, neck and upper shoulders. |
Dermatome | A cutaneous (skin) section supplied by a single spinal nerve. |
Efferent nerves | Motor nerves that link the central nervous system to the effectors outside it and transmit motor impulses. |
Free nerve endings | Sensory receptors that detect itch and tickle sensations. |
Mechanical receptors | Sensory receptors that detect changes in pressure, movement, temperature, or other mechanical forces. |
Mixed nerves | Nerves that contain sensory and motor axons. |
Myasthenia gravis | A disease that usually affects the muscles in the face, lips, tongue, neck, and throat, which are innervated by the cranial nerves, but that can affect any muscle group. |
Myotome | A skeletal muscle or group of skeletal muscles that receives motor axons from a particular spinal nerve. |
Nerve | A bundle of axons or dendrites or both. |
Nociceptors | Sensory receptors that detect painful or intense stimuli. |
Parasympathetic nervous system | The energy conservation and restorative system associated with what commonly is called the relaxation response. |
Peripheral nervous system | The system of somatic and autonomic neurons outside the central nervous system. The peripheral nervous system comprises the afferent (sensory) division and the efferent (motor) division. |
Plexus | A network of interwining nerves that innervates a particular region of the body. |
Polio | A viral infection first of the intestines and then (for about 1% of exposed persons) the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. |
Propioceptors | Sensory receptors that provide the body with information about position, movement, muscle tension, joint activity, and euilibrium. |
Reflex | An automatic, involuntary reaction to a stimulus. |
Somatic nervous system | A system of nerves that keeps the body in balance with its external environment by transmitting impulses between the central nervous system, skeletal muscles, and skin. |
Spinal nerves | Thirty-one pairs of mixed nerves, originating in the spinal cord and emerging from the vertebral column, that make sensation and movement possible. |
Sympathetic nervous system | The part of the autonomic nervous system that provides for most of the active function of the body; when the body is under stress, the sympathetic nervous system predominates with fight-or-flight responses. |
Thermal receptors | Sensory receptors that detect changes in temperature. |