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World Studies

Final Review Quarter 1 Chapter 1-3

QuestionAnswer
Explain the religion of Mesopotamia (Part 1 of 2) The Sumerians believed that the gods ruled their cities and all aspects of their lives. Religion provided an explanation for why things happened.
Explain the religion of Mesopotamia (Part 2 of 2) According to Mesopotamians, humans were supposed to obey and serve the many gods. Humans were seen as inferior to gods and were uncertain of how the gods would respond to their actions.
What material were people using in the Paleolithic Age? Stone tools (Paleolithic means “old stone”) = Old Stone Age
What does polytheism mean? Belief in many gods
Who was Mary Leakey? Leakey is credited with the discovery of an early hominid name “Lucy.” What is interesting about this australopithecus is that she seemed to have been bipedal, prior to the time scientists had dated early humans walking on two feet.
Explain the Neolithic Revolution. Neolithic = “new stone” = New Stone Age; Real change was shift from hunter-gathering to agriculture. Humans planted crops, providing for a more regular food basis. This domestication of food/animals meant the formation of communities &early civilizations.
What is an empire? A large political unit or state, usually under a single leader, that controls many peoples or territories.
Explain the Neolithic Revolution. Neolithic = “new stone” = New Stone Age; Real change was shift from hunter-gathering to agriculture. Humans planted crops, providing for a more regular food basis. This domestication of food/animals meant the formation of communities &early civilizations.
What is an empire? A large political unit or state, usually under a single leader, that controls many peoples or territories.
Explain Theocracy in Sumer. A theocracy is a government established by divine authority; power would be passed into the hands of a king—rulers got their power from the gods.
What is the Fertile Crescent? Otherwise known as Mesopotamia, it was the area between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers that had fertile soil that allowed the area to sustain an early civilization. The soil would be enriched by silt once the flooding of the two rivers receded.
Why did early civilizations develop religion? People looked to religion to answer their questions about life
What is anthropology? The study of human life and culture based on artifacts and human fossils
What is anthropology? The study of human life and culture based on artifacts and human fossils
What is cuneiform? Cuneiform is a system of writing developed by the Sumerians using a reed stylus to create wedge-shaped impressions on a clay tablet. The first system of writing.
Explain the importance of the Nile River to Egypt. Egyptians called the yearly flooding the “miracle” of the Nile. The river would flood rain& leave a deposit of mud creating rich soil several miles wide on both sides of the river. Local farmers could grow a surplus of food, allowing Egypt to prosper.
What is the Mandate of Heaven? (Part 1 of 2) An Ancient Chinese philosophy where a king, who was chosen to rule by Heaven because of his talent and virtue, was then responsible for ruling the people with goodness and efficiency.
What is the Mandate of Heaven? (Part 2 of 2) He was supposed to rule according to the way of the Dao. If the king did not keep the gods happy and protect his people, then he could be overthrown and replaced since Heaven would change its favor to a new ruler.
What was the first Mesoamerican civilization? The Olmecs
What was the Indus Valley known for? Advanced drainage systems and sewer systems.
What is a suttee or sati? The Hindu custom of cremating a widow on her husband’s funeral pyre
What is a dowry? A payment a family made to the man who married her.
Explain the Egyptian social class system. The Egyptian pharaoh was at the top of the social class system and possessed absolute power. Egyptian rulers took on the title of “Son of Re,” which gave them a direct connection with the gods/ divine rule.
Explain city-state. A state with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside.
Explain the Code of Hammurabi. A code of law based on a system of strict justice, which regulated people’s relationships with one another.
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