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Ch. 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Migration to Mesoamerica | Large wave of humans traveled from Siberia to Alaska around 13,000 B.C.E. |
| Early agriculture: beans, squashes, chilies; later, maize became the staple (5000 B.C.E.) | Agricultural villages appeared after 3000 B.C.E. No large domesticated animals, no wheeled vehicles |
| Olmecs, the "rubber people," lived near the Gulf of Mexico (1200 B.C.E.) | Elaborate complexes built The colossal human heads--possibly likenesses of rulers |
| Heirs of the Olmecs: the Maya | The Maya lived in the highlands of Guatemala |
| Maya society and religion | Kings, priests, and hereditary nobility at the top Merchants were from the ruling class; they served also as ambassadors |
| Maya writing was ideographic and syllabic; only four books survive Religious thought | Popol Vuh, a Maya creation myth, taught that gods created humans out of maize and water Gods maintained agricultural cycles in exchange for honors and sacrifices |
| Heirs of the Olmecs: Teotihuacan | Colossal pyramids of sun and moon High point between 400 and 600 C.E.; two hundred thousand inhabitants |
| Teotihuacan society | Rulers and priests dominated society Two-thirds of the city inhabitants worked in fields during daytime |
| Early migration to Peru and Bolivia region | By 12,000 B.C.E. hunting and gathering peoples reached South America |
| Early agriculture in South America | Main crops: beans, peanuts, sweet potatoes, cotton Fishing supplemented agricultural harvests |
| The Chavín Cult, from about 900 to 300 B.C.E. | Complexity of Andean society increases during Chavín Devised techniques of producing cotton textiles and fishing nets |
| Early Andean states: Mochica (300-700 C.E.) in northern Peru | Irrigation, trade, military, no writing Artistic legacy: painting on pottery, ceramics |
| Early societies in Australia and New Guinea | Human migrants arrived in Australia and New Guinea at least sixty thousand years ago |
| ustronesian peoples from southeast Asia were seafarers to New Guinea, 3000 B.C.E. Early agriculture in New Guinea: root crops | The peopling of the Pacific Islands Austronesian migration to Polynesia Outrigger canoes enabled them to sail safely |
| Lapita Society from New Guinea to Tonga (1500-500 B.C.E.) | Agricultural villages Pottery with geometric designs Networks of trade/communication: pottery, obsidian, shells, tools traded |
| 13,000 B.C.E | Human migration to North America from Siberia |
| 8000–7000 B.C.E. | Origins of agriculture in Mesoamerica |
| 4000 B.C.E. | Origins of maize cultivation in Mesoamerica |
| 3000 B.C.E. | Origins of agriculture in South America |
| 1000–300 B.C.E. | Chavín cult |
| 200 B.C.E.–750 C.E. | Teotihuacan society |
| 300–1100 C.E. | Maya society |
| 300–700 C.E. | Mochica society |
| 60,000 B.C.E. | Human migration to Australia and New Guinea |
| 3000 B.C.E. | Origins of agriculture in New Guinea |
| 3000 B.C.E. | Austronesian migrations to New Guinea |
| The Olmec | Existed from 1500 BCE to 400 BCE; a Mesoamerican civilization that created jade art; they lived in the Tuxtlas Mountains of the West to the Contalpa in Eastern Mexico; the civilization was named after rubber which they used. |
| The Maya | Existed in 3 different time periods: Pre-Classic (2000 BCE to 250 CE), Classic (250 CE to 900 CE), and Post-Classic (900 CE to 1500 CE); they lived in Eastern 1/3 of Mesoamerica and made tall step pyramids and a mathematics system based on the number 20. |
| The Teotihuacan | Existed from 500 BCE to 750 CE; they lived in the highlands of Southeast Mexico; they built the largest pyramid of Mesoamerica called Pyramid of the Sun in 100 CE. |
| The Mochica | Existed from 100 CE to 800 CE; they lived in the river valleys and the dry coast of Peru; they built some of the largest pre-Columbian structures. |
| The Lapita | Existed from 1500 BCE to 500 BCE in the South Pacific Islands, mainly New Caledonia; they domesticated pigs, dogs, and chickens; they buried the bodies of the dead separate from the skulls. |
| Olmec Political | Olmec influence was spread by military force. |
| Olmec Interactions | The first Olmec ceremonial center arose around 1200 BCE, in the town of San Lorenzo, and it was their capital for four hundred years. |
| Olmec Agriculture | Olmec cultural traditions influence all other Mesoamerican complex societies, until the arrival of Europeans in the 1600's. |
| Olmec Technology | build elaborate drainage systems to prevent flooding, some of which are still in use today. |
| Olmec Economy | The largest of these sculptures would have required one thousand laborers. |
| Olmec Social | Common subject regularly labored for the elite class, building elaborate drainage systems, and alters, but also improving the artistic decoration of the capitals. |
| Mayans Interactions | The oldest of Olmec heirs were the Mayans, who's society occupied southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. |
| Mayans Religious | The Popol Vuh, a Maya creation myth taught that gods had created humans out of maize and water. |
| Mayans Agriculture | system of water control deading to diminished harvests and demographic collapse, ecological problems caused by deforestation, the spread of disease, and natural disasters. |
| Mayans Technology | transmitted knowledge of writing, astronomy, and math. |
| Mayans Economy | Mayan cultivators raised cacao, corn, cotton. |
| Mayans Social | Maya had a large ruling class of priests who maintained an elaborate calander |
| Mochica Interactions | The Mochica state was based in the valley of the Moche River, from about 300 - 700 CE. |
| Mochica Agriculture | Mocicha paintings survive on pottery. They depict individuals, deities, and every dayf life. |
| Teotihuacan Political | There are no signs of military organization in Teotihuacan. |
| Teotihuacan Interactions | Teotihuacan was the largest agricultural village by 500 BCE. It expanded rapidly after 200 BCE, and at the end of the millenium it's population reached fifty thousand. |
| Teotihuacan Agriculture | By 100 CE, the most promient landmarks -- the Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the Moon -- dominated the skyline |
| Teotihuacan Social | Apart from priests and rulers, Teotihuacans's population included cultivators, artisans, and merchants |
Created by:
ErickRam2019
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