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Pain Control
Local Anesthetic Agents Quizzes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the depolarized nerve cell, there are more positively charged ions outside the cell than inside because the nerve membrane is relatively impermeable to sodium. | False |
| The minimal threshold stimulus required to excite a C-fiber will also be sufficient to stimulate an A-fiber. | False |
| The physioanatomical process that transmits pain from the free nerve endings to the central nervous system (CNS) is: | Pain perception |
| When energy for conduction is derived from the nerve cell membrane itself and is no longer dependent on the stimulus for continuance, the conduction is considered to be: | Self-propagating |
| The relative refractory period occurs during the fraction of a millisecond when a nerve fiber can be excited only by a much stronger stimulus than the initial stimulus. | True |
| Nerve fibers are divided according to size and conduction velocity or speed. The two fibers we are concerned with in dentistry are: | A-delta and C |
| Nerve conduction along a myelinated nerve expends more energy due to increased speed and intensity. | False |
| The absolute refractory period occurs during the fraction of a millisecond when a nerve fiber can be exited only by a much stronger stimulus than the initial stimulus. | False |
| The larger the diameter the nerve fiber, the more likely that fiber is to be myelinated. | True |
| Saltatory conduction refers to: | Rapid transmission of nerve impulses along a myelinated nerve fiber. |
| A group of nerve fibers bundled together is referred to as: | Nerve trunk |
| A group of cell bodies (nerve) bundled together are referred to as: | A ganglion |
| Assume for a moment that all nerve fibers affected in an area are the same size. The difference in pain intensity is derived form: | The number of individual cells excited and the frequency of excitation (duration of stimulus) |
| When a stimulus of sufficient intensity to create an impulse is applied to a nerve ending, the permeability of the cell membrane is altered and depolarization is initiated. What does not happen during depolarization? | Sodium is pumped out of the nerve cell by the sodium pump |
| In myelinated nerves, local anesthetics must diffuse through the myelin sheath to reach the nerve membrane to block the nerve impulse. | False |
| Saltatory conduction is a term that refers to: | Impulse conduction which leaps form node to node and impulse conduction in myelinated nerves. |
| When a nerve is at rest, which of the following statements is true? | The cell membrane can be excited if a stimulus is intense enough to initiate an impulse. |
| Your first patient of the morning stayed up all night studying for his 1:00 history exam. He will most likely have a higher pain reaction threshold than usual. | False |
| As you prepare to anesthetize him, your patient clenched his hands and beads of perspiration form on his upper lip and brow. He is echibiting: | Pain reaction |
| The administration of local anesthesia to control pain is an example of: | Interrupting pain perception |
| Juanita Rodriquez, from Guadalajara, will most likely have a higher pain reaction threshold than Sue Smith, who was raised in Fairbanks, Alaska. | False |
| The most similarity of nerve membrane electrochemical potential exists between: | Polarization and repolarization |
| The resting potential of a nerve fiber is: | Maintained in part by the sodium pump, maintained in part by the permeability of the cell membrane, and an electrochemical gradient of -70 to -90 mV |
| Psychogenic pain may be most accurately described as: | Discomfort for which no organic cause can be determined. |
| Referred pain may be expressed in some part of the body other than its physiological point of origin. | True |
| Which of the following factors significantly improves the effectiveness of a local anesthetic agent? | Protein-binding capability of local anesthetic agent and lipid solubility of local anesthetic agent |
| What are the base molecules responsible for in local anesthetics? | Diffusion of local anesthesia through the nerve membrane, onset time of local anesthesia. |
| What are the cation molecules responsible for in local anesthetics? | Binding at the receptor sites in the ion channels and reduction or prevention of sodium ions through the nerve membrane. |
| Which of the following circumstances would cause the greatest decrease in pH and therefore reduce effectiveness of local anesthetic? | Inflamed tissue using local anesthesia with epinephrine and inflamed tissue using local anesthesia with levonordefrin. |
| Mepivacaine has the lowest pKa of most local anesthetics. This would indicate which of the following? | The local anesthetic has a high percentage of base molecules |
| Which of the following anesthetic/ anesthetics are available in the US with 1:200,000 epinephrine? | Prilocaine and Bupivacaine |
Created by:
daisenmurray
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