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Science Midterm
Infectious Diseases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pathogen types | fungi,protist,bacteria,viruses |
| Virus | a tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then multiplies inside a living cell. |
| Two Parts of a Virus | Protein coat(protects virus) inner core(genetic material) |
| how do active viruses reproduce? | attach to bacterium, inserts gentic material into bacterum, cell starts to produce viruses protien and genetic material, protein assembles to form new viruses, bacterium bursts out of cell |
| how do hidden viruses reproduce | virus attaches to cell, injects genetic material, material becomes part of cell, triger causes virus become active, cell creates virus proteins, proteins assemble into new virus |
| how are viral diseases spread | contact with contaminated object, bite of animal, tiny drops of moisture that are sneezed or coughed into air, contact with blood |
| how do you treat a viral disease | no cures; to treat: rest, drink plenty of fluids, eat well ballanced meal |
| preventing viral disease | vaccine (weakened or altered virus that puts body on alery), keep body healthy(eat right, sleep, fluids, excersise) |
| Bacteria | singled celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes |
| Prokaryote | an organism whose cells lack a nucleus |
| binary fission | one cell divides to form two identical cells. form of asexual reproduction |
| asexual reproduction | a reproductive process that involvse only on parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent. |
| what is the role of bacteria in nature | bacieria are involved in oxygen and food production, environmental recycling and cleanup and in helath maintenance and medicine production. there are good and bad bacteria |
| Protist | eukaryotes that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi. |
| eukarotes | an organism whose cells contain nuclei |
| Fungi | eukayotes that have cell walls , are herotrohps and feed by absorbing their own food, and use spores. ex: fungi |
| budding | no sporers are produced. Instead, a smassll yeast cell grows from the body of a parent cel in a way somewhat similair to the way a bud forms on a tree branch. the new cell then breaks away and lives on its own. form asexual reproduction |
| what is the role of fungi in nature? | provide foods for people. fungi play important roles as disease whil others fight disease. still others live in symbosis with other organisms. (symbosis= the living together in more or less intimate association or close union of two dissimilar organisms) |
| what are the body's 3 lines of defence? | barriers, inflamatory, immune system |
| describe the first line of defence: barriers | skin contains chemicals, oil and sweat. skin also blocks pathogen out. breathing passages contain mucus. mouth contain saliva, which has destructive chemicals. stomach contains acid. |
| describe the second line of defense: inflamatory response | fluid and whit blood cells lead from blood vessels into nearby tissues. the white blood cells then fight the pathogens. |
| white blood cells (phagocyte) | white blood cell that engulfs pathogens in inflamatory responses |
| what causes inflamation during the inflamatory response | blood vessels widen in affected area. enlargement increases blood flow to the area. as result, more white blood cells are deliverred to area. make affected area red and swollen and warm |
| why does you body heat up, and start a fever | pathogens do not grow and reproduce well at highter temperatures. |
| Immune System | the immune system cells react to each kind of pathoghen with a defense targeted specifically at that pathogen. |
| T cells | identify pathogens and distinguish one kind from another. |
| B Cells | produce proteins that destroy pathogens. theese proteins called antibody |
| antigen | molecules that the immune system recognizes either as part of you body or as coming rom outside your body. |
| active immunity | own immune system produces antibodies in response to the presence of a pathogen. |
| passive immunity | antibodies that fight pathogen come from a source other that the persons body. |
Created by:
dristongalvao
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