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Neurology Exam 2

TermDefinition
Prosody rhythm and intonation of speech -located in non-dominant hemisphere -other aspects of speech are in dominant hemisphere
Asteriognosis stroke involving left parietal association cortex -on R hand will be asteriognosis -due to lesion in parietal association cortex; particularly the superior parietal in the dominant hemisphere
Primary gustatory area Location: frontoparietal operculum and the adjacent part of the insula
Cribform plate of the ethmoid bone Head injury following automobile accident -fractures to basilar skull -no sense of taste -no sense of smell
Taste sensations transmission posterior 1/3 of tongue by ipsi glossopharyngeal nerve (VIII)
Tongue anterior 2/3 innervated by Accessory nerve (VII)
Where is the location of the taste buds? epiglottis and palate (X)
Damage to solitary tract or nucleus: complete loss of taste sensations on side of injury
Primary olfactory area includes: uncus adjacent piriform cortex entorhinal cortex
Primary olfactory area unlike other cortical sensory areas... receives only ipsi olfactory impulses
Night blindness associated with deficiency of Vitamin A
Vitamin A aids in restoration of the photopigment rhodopsin in the rods
Primary Visual Cortex neurons transform this input to lines or bars of different orientations
Primary Olfactory area includes: - uncus -adjacent piriform cortex -entorhinal cortex
Primary olfactory cortex differs from other sensory areas how? receives only ipsilateral olfactory impulses
Primary gustatory area is located where? frontoparietal operculum and the adjacent part of the insula
Cribform plate of ethomoid bone head injury: -factures to basilar skull -no taste -no smell
Cataract opacification of the lens
Opacification of the lens causes what? interference with light rays passing through the lens
Color blindness associated with absence of the red, green, or blue sensitivity photopigments in cones
Retinal and Lateral geniculate nucleus respond to focused spots of light with on-center or off-center response properties
Cranial nerves and parts of the brain are essential for integrity of direct & consensual light reflexes
Direct reflexes ipsilateral optic and occulomotor nerves
Consensual reflexes ipsilateral optic nerves and contralateral occulomotor nerves
Limbic system limbic lobe and various structures that are associated with the consolidation of memory, behavior, emotions
Two key functional centers of the limbic systems amygdala and hippocampus
Klüver-Bucy syndrome Bilateral alterations in the amydalae
Amydala strongly associated with fear
Fear and anxiety disorders are mostly likely associated with what? amygdala
Equillibrium and visual fixation chiefly associated with structures in the internal ear
Sensation of head movements arise from visual system, neck afferents, and semicircular ducts of vestibular systems
Abnormal sensation of head movements present when: head is still and eyes are closed -abnormal impulses must be originating from semi-circlular ducts
sensory and motor abnormalities involving left side of body and face impairment of vision on left field of vision
Single lesion in Right posterior limb of internal capsule L. hemianesthesia L. spastic hemiplegia L. homonymous hemianopsia
Right Loop of Meyer damage -gradual loss of visual sensations from limited area of visual field -temporarily staggered neuroimaging reviews slow enlarging mass in right temporal lobe white matter
Lesion in the Optic Tract HH homonymous hemiahopia absence of direct & consensual pupillary light reflexes upon shine of pinpoint light beam onto blind half of either retina
Detachment of Retina occurs between pigment layer and photo receptor layer -detached part stops functioning because rods and cones are metabolically dependent on pigment cells
Anterior Cranial fossa Tumor -Anosmia -gradual and prolonged loss of smell -no chronic nasal congetstion -minimal clear, runny discharge -no head injury
Created by: lrinehart
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