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Ch. 21
Vital signs
Question | Answer |
---|---|
what is the average pulse range in adults? | 60-80 bpm |
what is the average blood pressure of an adult | 120/80 |
what are 5 different techniques of recording temperature | oral, tympanic, temporal, axillary, rectal |
what are the three patterns of fevers | continuous, intermittent, remittent |
what is the average body temp | 98.6 but can range from 97.5 and 99.5 |
what are the common pulse points | temporal, carotid, brachial, radial, apical, femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibials |
what is the normal respiratory rate for adults | 12-20 breaths per minute |
what two measurements make up a blood pressure reading | systolic and diastolic |
what is the pulse pressure | the difference between the systolic and diastolic and should be about 30-50 mm Hg |
what is considered hypertension | readings above 140/90 |
Phase I | sharp tapping |
Phase II | swishing or murmuring |
Phase III | louder, crisper tapping |
Phase IV | softer, fainter, more muffled |
Phase V | No sound |
what are Korotkoff sounds | sounds heard while reading a patient's BP |
what are some factors that can affect pulse rate | age, sex, exercise habits, emotional state, pregnancy, metabolic conditions, medication, fever, arrhythmia, hypertension, dehydration |
what are some factors that can increase respiration | severe pain, fever |
causes increased rate and depth in respiration | emotions, physical exertion, illness, condition that causes acidosis |
causes decreased rate and depth in respiration | illness, condition that causes alkalosis |
what are some nonmodifiable risk factors for hypertension | age, gender, genetics |
factors that cause a temporary increase of blood pressure | emotions, severe pain, and exercise |
factors that temporary decrease blood pressure | fluid volume deficit such as from hemorrhage or dehydration, sudden position change, some medications. |
what are postural vital signs | vital signs that test for orthostatic hypotension. must check pulse and blood pressure in 2 or 3 positions (suspine, sitting, and standing) must leave blood pressure cuff in place. |