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Anatomy and Physiolo
Muscular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an origin? | The attachment of a muscle's tendon to the stationary bone |
| What is an insertion? | The attachment of a muscle's other tendon to the moveable bone |
| What is an agonist? | Also called the prime mover; it is a muscle that contracts to cause an action. |
| What is an antagonist? | A muscle that stretches and yields to the effects of the prime mover |
| What is a synergist? | Muscles that contract and stabalize intermediate joints |
| What is a sarcomere? | Basic functional units of a myofibril arranged in compartments |
| What is a myofibril? | Thin strands in the muscle fiber |
| What is atrophy? | A wasting away of muscles |
| What is tonus? | Continued partial contraction of many skeletal muscles |
| What is aponeurosis? | A broad, flat tendon that attaches skeletal muscle to bone; to another muscle or to skin |
| What are the functions of the muscular system? | Movement; Posture maintenance; Moving substances and Heat production |
| What are the three types of muscle tissues? | Skeletal; Cardic and Smooth |
| What is a tendon? | A cord of tough fibous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
| The severity of strains and sprains are classified in how many degrees? | 3; first degree is minimal tearing, still usable; second degree is more tearing(30-50%), decrease of use and inflammation; third degree is completely torn with no use |
| What is the difference between strainand sprain? | A sprain is joint trauma that tears ligaments. While a strain is when muscle or its tendons become overstretched or torn. |
| What protein myofilaments make up myofibrils? | Actin and myosin |
| What are the four characteristics of muscle tissue? | Electrical Excitability; Contractibility; Extensibility; Elasticity. |
| Define each characteristic. | Muscle fibers can respond to stimulus (electrical or chemical); Muscle fibers can shorten; Muscle fibers can lengthen; Muscle fibers can return to their original shape after movement. |
| Describe the difference between isotonic and an isometric contraction. | Isotonic(dynamic): tone or tension within a muscle remains the same as the length of the muscle changes(movement is produced); Isometric(static): muscle length remains the same while muscle tension increases(no movement is produced). |
| Concentric and Eccentric are both types of? | Isotonic contractions |
| A dense sheet or band of irregular connective tissue that lines and supports organs; muscles? | Deep fascia |
| How do golgi tendon organs function? | Stretch; provides protection of the tendon from damage due to excessive tension |
| Regarding muscles, what is it meant by recruitment? | Motor unit activation of additional motor units based in need |
| Regarding muscles, what is meant by the "all-or-none response"? | If stimulus is not sufficient, muscle contraction will not occur and muscle fibers will remain at its full resting length |
| The process in which agonist contracts while the tension in the antagonist is inhibited and is simultaneously relaxed? | Recipicle inhibition |
| What is a neutralizer? | Muscles which cancels unwanted movement at the insertion |
| What are fasciculi? | Groups of muscle fibers |
| What is retinacula? | Bandagelike retaining bands of connective tissue that helps keep tendons and tendon sheaths in place. |
Created by:
kyatarine
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