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Fisher US Review 3
US History Regents Review Packet 3
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Nationalism | Pride in and loyalty to one's country |
Sectionalism | Loyalty to a particular part of one's country |
Slavery | Ownership of humans for the purpose of forced labor |
Missouri Compromise | 1820 agreement attempting to solve slavery issue by banning slavery in the northern part of the Louisiana Purchase |
Compromise of 1850 | Agreement that California was a free state and new territories would decide the slavery issue by popular sovereignty |
Popular Sovereignty | Rule by the people |
Fugitive Slave Act | 1850 law that required all escaped slaves to be returned to their owners |
Kansas-Nebraska Act | Overturned Missouri Compromise and allowed Kansas and Nebraska to decide the slavery issue by popular sovereignty |
Bleeding Kansas | Violent confrontations between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups in Kansas resulting in the deaths of 60 people |
Dred Scott v Sandford | Supreme Court decision that slaves were property and owners could not be denied their property wherever they lived |
Abolitionists | People who oppose slavery |
William Lloyd Garrison | Abolitionist, founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society, publisher of The Liberator calling for an end to slavery |
Frederick Douglass | Escaped slave who became a key abolitionist leader of the American Anti-Slavery Society |
The Liberator | Anti-slavery newspaper published by William Lloyd Garrison |
John Brown | Abolitionist who led a raid on a federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, VA to start a slave uprising. Executed for treason |
Civil War | 1861-1865 conflict between the North (Union) and the South (Confederacy) mainly over slavery and states' rights issues |
Union | Northern states during the Civil War |
Confederacy | Southern states who seceded from the US during the Civil War |
Emancipation Proclamation | 1863 law signed by Lincoln freeing all slaves in the Confederacy |
13th Amendment | 1865 Abolished all slavery in the US |
Reconstruction | Period after the Civil War of rebuilding the South and repairing relationships between Northern and Southern states |
Radical Republicans | Political group who blamed the South for the Civil War and opposed forgiveness. Also supported the rights of freedmen |
Freedmen | Former slaves freed after the 13th amendment |
Black Codes | Racist laws passed after the Civil War to restrict the freedom of former slaves |
Sharecropping | Farming system used to keep freed slaves in an economic and social condition similar to slavery after the Civil War |
Tenant Farming | Another term for sharecropping |
Scalawags | Southern Republicans who supported Lincoln and the rights of freedmen, hated by white supremists |
Carpetbaggers | Northerners who bought land in the south cheaply after the Civil War, supported freedmen's rights. Hated by southerners |
14th Amendment | 1868 Blacks granted citizenship |
Due Process | The right of citizens to all the steps of the legal process before being convicted/punished |
Equal Protection Under the Law | The right of all citizens to equal treatment in the legal system |
15th Amendment | 1870 Black men granted voting rights |
Literacy Tests | Exams requiring proof of ability to read before being allowed to vote. Designed to fail blacks to deny their voting rights |
Poll Tax | Requirement of property ownership and payment of a fee before voting. Designed to deny blacks their voting rights |
Grandfather Clause | Illiterate men or those who didn't own property could vote if their grandfather had. Increased white men's ability to vote |
Jim Crow Laws | Segregation laws in the South. Discriminated against blacks by enforcing racial separation |
Plessy v Ferguson | 1896 Supreme Court decision that segregation was legal as long as the facilities for blacks were separate but equal |