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Ch. 19
Infection control and medical asepsis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| antibody | immunoglobulin produced by white blood cells in response to a specific antigen |
| antigen | marker that identifies a cell as being part of the body or not part of the body |
| asepsis | practice of maintaining an environment free frompathogens |
| bacteria | one celled organism, some of which are capable of producing disease |
| disease | any condition characterized by subjective complaints, a specific history, clinical signs or symptoms, and laboratory or radiographic findings |
| fomite | any object that adheres to and transmits infectious material |
| fungi | kingdom of organisms that includes yeasts, molds, and mushrooms and is usually not pathogenic |
| incubation | interval between exposure to infection and the appearance of the first symptoms |
| infectious disease | any disease caused by a micro organism that may be directly or indirectly transmitted between individuals, causing infectionq |
| microorganism | living organism too small to see with the naked eye |
| normal flora | organisms found on or in the body that do not cause disease |
| parasite | pathogen requiring another living organism in order to survive |
| pathogen | disease producing microorganism |
| phagocytosis | process in which specialized white blood cells engulf and destroy microorganisms, foreign antigens, and cellular debris |
| prodromal | interval between earliest symptoms and appearance of a rash or fever |
| protozoa | organism mainly found in soil that is capable of producing disease. |
| purulent | consisting of or containing pus |
| reservoir host | organism that provides a hospitable environment in which pathogens can grow |
| rickettsia | genus of bacteria that are intracellular parasites |
| sanitize | to remove microorganisms from reusable equipment and surfaces by using chemicals, heat, or ionizing radiation |
| spores | bacterial or fungal cells that are resistant to temp. extremes |
| symptomatic | having symptoms, such as fever, sore throat, nausea, and vomiting |
| vector | a carrier usually a bug that transmitt a disease from a unhealthy person to a healthy one |
| virus | pathogen that can grow and reproduce only after infecting a host cell. |
| what are the five main types of pathogens? | bacteria, rickettsia, virus, fungus, protozoa |
| what are the elements of the chain of infection | pathogen, reservoir host, means of exit, mode of transmission, means of entry, susceptible host |
| what are the different types of infection | acute, chronic, latent |
| what are the stages of disease | incubation, prodromal, acute, declining, convalescent |
| what are the different deense mechanisms | mechanical, chemical, cellular |
| what are the three levels of asepsis | sanitization, disinfection, sterilization |
| what is the difference between medical asepsis and surgical asepsis | medical protects others from the patients microorganisms while surgical protects the patient |
| what are 5 examples of PPE's | gloves, mask, eye protection, shoe covers, and gown |
| what are some examples of mechanical defense mechanisms | skin, mucous membranes, protective reflexes, and the flushing of bodily fluids |
| what are some examples of chemical defense mechanisms | secretion of sebaceous glands, acidic fluids in stomach, fluids of tears, and the urinary tract |
Created by:
rewebb
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