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HST303 L12 GLF
China, Japan & East Asia in World History - Lecture 12: Great Leap Forward
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mao also began to change the _____ _____ for industrialization. | Soviet model |
| Mao believed that industrialization and economic success could be achieved through people power with a mass mobilization of _____ _____ rather than through introducing new _____, _____ investment, and elitist _____ planning, as the Soviet Union. | popular enthusiasm; technology; capital; technocratic |
| Mao believed that sufficiently motivated and determined people could achieve supposedly _____ goals. | impossible |
| Mao’s faith in the capacity of human willpower became the basis of the _____ _____ _____ initiative, which began in 1958. | Great Leap Forward |
| The Great Leap Forward was meant to achieve China’s transition to genuine communism with newly organized rural people’s _____ as the basic organizational unit in the countryside. | communes |
| The terms that were used within these communes were very _____. | militaristic |
| Farmers were put into production _____, divided into _____, and supervised by _____. | brigades; platoons; battalions |
| Women also joined the labor force, and household chores were largely taken care of by collective _____ and _____ _____. | nurseries; mess halls |
| Soon the flaws in collective, communal living became apparent and _____ struck. | disaster |
| One example was the _____ _____ _____ _____, intended to double China’s steel and iron production within a year. | Back Yard Steel Furnaces |
| It is estimated that up to 90 million people had been recruited to participate in some way or other in this process—be it through collecting _____ _____, working in the _____, or cutting wood/logging. | scrap metals; furnaces |
| Since _____ planning had been denounced, and most people had no expertise or experience in _____ _____, the project failed miserably. | coordinated; steel production |
| People were working with _____ equipment. They were producing low-quality output, and the environmental damage caused through _____ and soil _____ to run these furnaces was enormous. | improvised; deforestation; erosion |
| _____ disaster struck at the same time. | Agricultural |
| Private ownership had been forbidden by this time, and many farmers killed their _____ and ate it rather than handing it over to the collective. | livestock |
| Many saw little incentive to work hard on _____ farms. | communal |
| Farmers had been misled by propaganda that from now on there would be _____, and they were often preoccupied by other _____ campaigns, such as the steel furnaces. | overproduction; mobilization |
| As a result of overwhelming farmers, crop was left to rot in places, and too much faith was put into new _____ planting methods, which were environmentally problematic and often just yielded mediocre results. | deep |
| A Maoist campaign to kill _____ as a pest caused huge plagues of insects, which previously had been eaten by the _____. | sparrows; sparrows |
| Even in the year of the implementation of the Great Leap Forward, serious _____ were obvious already. | shortages |
| Things only became worse in the following years. Between 1958 – 1962, 18 – 42 million people died, many of _____ and others of violence. | malnutrition |
| The numbers available vary enormously, are very imprecise, and can only be estimated because records were often inaccurate and some only counted famine/malnutrition victims, and not those who _____ ______ or died of other forms of violence. | committed suicide |
| Mao lashed out at his _____, which inspired false reports of success, too. | critics |
| Communication was still really feeble at this time—there were barely any _____ connections/lines, and virtually no _____. | telephone; television |
| At the time, few of the _____ seemed to comprehend the extent of the disaster. | leaders |
| Even as millions of people were starving to death, Mao purged his own _____ _____ as a bourgeois element for suggesting that the Great Leap Forward policy was violating the basic laws of economics. | defense minister |
| The defense minister was right, but finally Mao had to give in and very unhappily approved some _____ _____. | corrective measures |
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silvrwood
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