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AS Learning theories
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Operant learning theory | Manipulating behaviour to shape the correct response through the use of reinforcement strengthens the S-R bond also known as trial and error learning |
Observational learning theory | Learning a skill by copying or modelling ourselves on another person. Social learning where we copy desired behaviours |
Insight learning | Requires the learner to understand where they started from and their objective |
Recall schema | prior to movement initial conditions/response specification |
Recognition schema | during or after the movement sensory consequences/response outcome |
Schema | a set of ‘rules’ or relationships to help us make decisions about movement patterns |
Four factors of observational theory | Attention, Retention, Motor production, motivation |
How to make obeservational learning effective | Attention How attractive demonstration is Demonstration is accurate Can the observer remember Demonstration is meaningful Performer has the physical capability to complete task Immediate opportunity to practice |
How a coach would use observational theory of learning | Frequent practises Use of positive feedback Reinforcement Highlight cues/ Use of mental rehearsal Fun Make information relevant |
How a coach would use operant conditioning | Using rewards/praise Shaping/altering environment Use of target areas Use of negative reinforcement Removal of criticism – explanation of negative reinforcement Use of punishment to decrease probability of undesired response |
Why use insight learning? | Involves cognitive processes Understanding the process Experiences the ‘whole’ activity Allows learners to develop their own strategies Better for the performethan being told what to do Performer able to adjust movements |
Use of schema in cocahing | Vary practised conditions by changing initial conditions Realistic practice to activity Build up set of response specifications Frequent/lots feedback Teach fundamental/simple skills before sport specific skills |