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Literature

College of the Desert - Lit 1B Test 1

QuestionAnswer
Archetypal A recurring character type, plot, symbol, or theme of seemingly universal significance.
Paraphrasing. In prose, a restatement in different words, usually briefer than the original version; in poetry, a statement of the literal meaning of the poem in everyday language.
Allusions. An indirect reference to some character or event in literature, history, or mythology that enriches the meaning of the passage.
Persona. The person created by the writer to be the speaker of the poem or story. The persona is not usually identical to the writer.
Verbal Irony. Involves a major discrepancy between the words spoken or written and the intended meaning.
Explication. An explanation of a literary work developed by analyzing details images, meanings and comparisons derived from a close reading of the text.
Analysis. A method of understanding the theme and structure of a literary work by examining its component parts, resulting in a relatively complete, consistent interpretation.
Tone. The attitude a writer conveys toward his or her subject and audience. In poetry, this attitude is sometimes called the voice.
Irony. Lack of agreement between expectation and reality.
Epiphany. A moment of insight in which something simple and commonplace is seen in a new way.
Connotation. The associations that attach themselves to many words, deeply affecting their literal meanings. It can also be the emotional overtone you may feel when encountering the term.
Denotation. The literal definition you will find in the dictionary.
Metaphor. An imaginative comparison that makes use of the connotative values of words.
Simile. A verbal comparison in which a similarity is expressed directly, using like or as.
Personification. It makes nonhuman thing sound like a human being; giving an inanimate object humanlike characteristics.
Imagery. The term we use to speak of these sensory impressions literature gives us.
Symbolism. An image that becomes so suggestive that it takes on much more meaning than its descriptive value.
Paradox. A phrase or statement that on the surface seems contradictory but makes some sort of emotional sense.
Oxymoron. An extreme paradox in which two words having opposite meanings are juxtaposed, as in "deafening silence" or "elaborately simple."
Comparing/Contrasting. Noticing similarities and differences between objects. Looking at similarities versus directing attention to differences.
Rhythm. The recurrence of stressed and unstressed syllables in a regular pattern.
Rhyme. Similar or identical sounds between words, usually the end sounds in lines of verse.
Meter. Recurring patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry. The unit is referred to as a foot.
Iambic. One of the four basic patterns of stress--which consists of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one. (before, return)
Trochaic. One of the four basic patterns of stress--which consists of a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed one.(Funny, double)
Anapest. One of the four basic patterns of stress--Which consists of two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed one. (Contradict)
Dactylic. One of the four basic patterns of stress--which consists of a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed ones (merrily, syllable)
Alliteration. Repetition of the same consonant sounds, usually at the beginning of words.
Assonance. The repetition of similar vowel sounds within syllables.
Consonance. Close repetition of the same consonant sounds followed by different vowel sounds. At the end of lines of poetry, this pattern produces a half-rhyme.
Closed-Form. Poetry with lines of equal length arranged in fixed patterns of stress and rhyme.
Open-Form. Using lines of varying length and avoids prescribed patterns of rhyme or rhythm.
Couplet. Two rhymed lines of poetry.
Quatrain. A four-line stanza of poetry, which can have any number of rhyme schemes.
Sonnet. A poem of fourteen ten-syllable lines, arranged in a pattern of rhyme schemes. The English and Shakespearean sonnet uses seven rhyme that divide the poem into three quatrains and a couplet.
Free Verse. A poem generally has no rhyme scheme and no basic meter for the entire selection. Rhyme and rhythm do occur, of course, but not in fixed patterns that are required of stanzas and sonnets.
Concrete poetry. Poems that convey meaning by the way they look on the page; also called shaped poetry.
Inexact Synonyms. Words can have different shades of meaning and it is important to examine both the connotation and denotation of a word before utilizing it (heroics, heroism)
Homophones. Words that have the same pronunciation but a different meaning and spelling.
Imprecise Adjectives. Many words have two or more adjective forms that can sound or be spelled similarly (a questionable remark, a questioning remark)
Malapropisms. A misused word that are unintentionally funny.
Inappropriate Connotations. Sentences can be disconcerting if all the words do not have the same emotional association.
In order to enjoy discovering the meaning of poetry, you must approach it with a positive attitude--a willingness to understand. True.
Poetry invites your creative participation. True.
Rhyme and Rhythm work in obvious ways to emphasize key words and clarify meaning. False.
Understanding the literal meaning is less important than the ability to interpret a poem's meaning. False.
Once you understand a poem's meaning, then you can expand that meaning into interpretation. True.
Allusions are the direct reference to famous persons, events, places, or other works of literature. True.
Learning to understand poetry involves asking questions and then speculating/researching until you come up with satisfying answers. True.
Tone is not crucial to the interpretation of poetry. False.
The tone of a piece of writing often differs from the tone of the voice speaking. False.
Since verbal iront involves a reversal of meaning, it is the most important tone to recognize. True.
In no other form of literature are words so important as in poetry. True.
A word's definition as found in the dictionary is its denotive meaning. True.
The most common figures of speech--metaphor, simile, and personification--appear in our everyday language. True.
A metaphor is defines by its connective words, "like" and "as" False.
An extended metaphor is a comparison worked out through several lines or perhaps even an entire poem, accruing meaning as it goes along. True.
When a human thing is made to sound non-human, it is personification. False.
The literal impression that poetry and literature gives readers is called imagery. False.
A symbol is an image that becomes so suggestive that it takes on much more meaning than its descriptive value. True.
Two words that have the opposite juxtaposed meanings is an example of an oxymoron. True.
Only a few elements go into making the forms of poetry, but they all involve arranging the words in patterns. False.
Poetic forms can be divided into those that use sound effects, those that involve length and organization of lines and those that have artistically manipulated word order. True.
Sound effects are produced by organized repetitions. True.
Rhythm and Rhyme intensify the meaning of a poem, arouse interest, and give pleasure. True.
Flash and Flesh are examples of consonance. True.
A couplet is two rhymed lines, usually of equal length and similar meter. True.
There is less freedom for modern writers who use open-form poetry. False.
We call a poem written in complete open-form Free Verse. True.
Figurative language describes writers manipulating the war the words are arranged into sentences. False.
A poem that uses line breaks, spatial arrangements and mixes conventional form with art is called artistic poetry. False.
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