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BTEC Unit 1 Cardio
Cardiovascular system blood pressure and redistribution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is blood pressure? | The force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels |
| What is systolic pressure? | The peak pressure in the arteries which occurs when the heart is contracting and emptying blood into the arterial system. |
| What is diastolic blood pressure? | The lowest pressure in the arteries which occurs when the heart is relaxing and filling with blood |
| What happens to blood pressure as it travels through the circulatory system? | Reduces the further it is away from the heart. Due to increased cross sectional area, friction of blood against the vessel wall and the length of the blood vessel |
| Name the structures of an artery | Thick walls (middle layer of smooth muscle) to with stand high blood pressure. Takes blood away from the heart |
| Name the structures of a vein | Walls contain thin layer of muscle Return blood to heart Pocket valves Positioned between skeletal muscle Positioned inside thoracic cavity |
| Name the structures of capillaries | Walls one cell thick narrow large in number |
| What are the two circulatory systems? | Pulmonary blood from heart to lungs and back to heart / Systemic oxygenated blood carries away from heart to body tissues and back |
| What does vasoconstriction mean? | Reducing flow of blood into capillaries by action of sympathetic nerves |
| What are pre-capillary sphincters? | Rings of muscle at the entrance to a capillary bed, which can vasodilate or constrict the arteriole serving that capillary bed |
| Why does more blood go to the heart, skin, and working muscles during exercise? | Heart is a muscles and requires nutrients, working muscles require nutrients, skin requires energy to cool body and also to radiate heat away |
| Why tells the body that blood needs to be redistributed? | During exercise CO2 is produced this increases the acidity of the blood, picked up by chemorecpetors, message sent to brain, sympathetic nerves vasodiate/vasoconstrict pre capillary sphincters |
| What does vasodilatation mean? | Increasing flow of blood into capillaries |
| Why does the body redistribute blood? | To ensure that oxygen and nutrients are directed to the tissues needed it and to control temperature. |
| Why does blood flow remain constant to the brain? | The brain is constnstly working and requires nutrients and oxygen |
Created by:
Tina Dean
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