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BTEC Unit 1 Skeletal
Skeletal system structure key terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| A pivot joint allows | Only allows rotation |
| A hinge joint allows.. | movement in one plane only, flexion and extension |
| A condyloid (or ellipsoid) joint allows | flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction. |
| A ball and socket joint allows | the widest range of movement, flexion and extension/abduction and adduction/rotation |
| A saddle joint allows | similar to condyloid joint; flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction are allowed |
| A gliding joint allows | a little gliding movement in all directions. Occur where moving bones are flat. |
| Long bone | It is longer than it is wide and contains bone marrow. Both ends of the bone are covered in hyaline cartilage to help protect the bone and aid shock absorption |
| Short bone | They provide support and stability with little movement. Contain large amounts of bone marrow |
| Flat bone | Flat plates of bone with the main function of providing protection to the body’s vital organs and being a base for muscular attachment. This is where the highest number of red blood cells are formed in flat bones |
| Sesamoid bone | Imbedded in a tendon. They are usually present in a tendon where it passes over a joint which helps to protect the tendon |
| Irregular bones | They have a non-uniform shape. They have a thin layer of compact bone |
| Function of skeletal system-Blood production | In the centre of certain bones there is bones marrow this is responsible for the formation of red blood cells for oxygen transport |
| Function of skeletal system- Protection | It protects vital organs and tissues such as the skull surrounding the brain with hard bones |
| Function of skeletal system-Attachment for muscles | Muscles need to be attached to bones and the skeleton provides the surface for this to happen they are attached via tendons |
| Function of skeletal system- Mineral storage | The body needs stores of certain minerals such as calcium and phosphorous and the bones provide this |
| Function of skeletal system- Support | This gives the body shape and a framework for the organs |
| Axial skeleton | The part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head, trunk and vertebrate |
| Appendicular skeleton | The appendicular skeleton iconsists on the bones of the limbs- arms and legs |
| Fixed joint | are also known as immovable joints, they do not move they are joined together by fibrosis tissue an example is your skull. |
| Slightly moveable joints | They allow a little movement , they are found between the vertebrae. |
| Freely moveable joints | They allow the greatest amount of movement also known as synovial joints |
| Ligaments | These hold the bones of the joint together and are made up of strong collagen fibres |
| Articular cartilage | This covers the ends of the bones that meet at a synovial joint. It is smooth and allows the bones to move over one another without grating against each other. |
| Joint capsule | connective tissue taht surrounds and encases the bones |
| Joint cavity | filled with synovial fluid to aid movement and lubricate the joint |
| Synovial membrane | lines the joint caspusle and secrets synovial fluid |
| Bursa | fluid filled sacks that prevents friction allowing free movement and reduces risk of injury |
| Synovial Fluid | provides lubrication for the joint and nourishment for the cartilage; this reduces the friction (used as a shock absorber) and increases the range of movement at the joint |
Created by:
Tina Dean
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