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science final
digestive system, respitory system, circulatory system and muskuloskeleton syste
| all | all |
|---|---|
| What is amylase | An enzyme that breaks down starches into sugars. |
| Name the order of digestion staring in the mouth | Digestion starts in the mouth where the teeth break and tear the food and the enzyme amylase in the saliva breaks down complex starches into sugars therefore turning it into a bolus. |
| What happens in the esophagus | The bolus then travels through the esophagus and past the epiglottis which blocks the trachea when swallowing. |
| What is a sphincter | A ring of muscle that aids in the one way passage of food through the digestive tract. |
| What happens in the small intestine and what is the duodenum | The inside of the small intestine is lined with villi which gives it more surface space and it absorbs all the nutrients of he food. The duodenum is the first 25 cm of the small intestine. |
| What happens in the colon or large intestine | The leftover indigestednfood aka feces goes through the colon and out the anus but before the feces leaves through the anus water and minerals pass through the wall of the large intestines and into the bloodstream |
| What happens in the gall bladder | The gall bladder stores bile |
| What happens in the liver | The liver produces bile |
| What happens in the pancreas | The pancreas creates pancreati juice that has enzymes in it to digest carbohydrates, proteins and fats. |
| What happens in the rectum | the rectum is where the feces is released |
| what does the appendix do | scientists think the appendix used to digest cellulose in plant matter |
| what happens in the stomach | inside the stomach gastric juices which are made up of pepsin the enzyme and hydrochloric acid. these two liquids digest carbohydrates inside the stomach. also the stomach is lined with mucus so that the gastric juices do not digest the inside of the stom |
| what does the nose do | the nose warms the air that goes into the lungs, the nose hairs filter out all the bad things that you cannot breathe and it sends signals and smells to the brain |
| what does the larynx do | the larynx are the vocal cords when they relax or contract they help us speak indifferent pitches and sounds |
| what does the trachea do | the trachea is the path between the epiglottis and the lungs |
| what are alveoli | alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs through which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place with capillaries |
| what are bronchioles | bronchioles are like lots of little branches in the lungs that hold the alveoli |
| What are pleural membranes | The pleural membrane is the thin sac around the lungs |
| What is the diaphragm | The diaphragm is a muscle that lowers when we inhale and raises when we exhale |
| The order f the organ in the digestive tract | The mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, and anus |
| What is peristalsis | Regular muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract |
| One example of chemical and mechanical digestion | Chewing is mechanical digestion and gastric juices are chemical digestion |
| What does Benedicts solution find | Sugars |
| What does lugols solution find | Starches |
| What is the process of passive transport | Digested nutrients dissolve and move through the walls of your small intestine and blood vessels. The blood then Carrie the nutrients throughout the whole body. |
| What is the process of active transport | Substances use energy from the cell to move through the cell membrane. The energy comes from a substance called ATP (adenosine triphospohate). |
| What causes hiccups | When the diaphragm and lungs are out of synch |
| What causes a burp | When air gets into the stomach |
| What does BTB indicate ( bromthymol blue) | BTB shows CO2 |
| What is residual volume | The amount of air left in the lungs |
| What is vital capacity | The total amount of air that a person can exhale after taking as deep a breath as possible |
| What is the total lung capacity | The amount of air in the lungs after taking as deep a breath as possible |
| The definition of a calorie | A unit of heat energy |
| How is your body fueled | Your bodies main source of fuel is glucose and carbohydrates |
| What is a location of gas exchange | In the lungs between the alveoli and cappilaries |
| What is a vein | Arteries that carry blood towards the heart |
| What is an artery | Large one way vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| What is a capillary | Blood vessels that stream through the entire body |
| What is the aorta | The biggest artery that takes good to the brain and body aka blood super-highway |
| What is a valve | A valve is flapsmof muscle in the heart the keep blood from flowing backwards when the heart contracts |
| what is the septum | The large muscle separating the 2 halves of the heart |
| Whast is the function of a red blood cell | To carry O2 from the lungs to the heart to the body |
| What is the function of a white blood cell | To fight off illness and disease |
| What is plasma | The liquid part of the blood ( it takes up about 55% of our blood) |
| What is the function of bone marrow | Bone marrow makes red blood cells |
| What is the function of platelets | Platelets clot blood if you get a cut and form a scab so you don't lose blood |
| how many valves does the heart have | 4 |
| how many chambers does the heart have | 4 |
| how does the pumping pattern of the heart work | blood goes into the lower venacava then through the upper venacava. next it goes into the right atrium through valve and into the right ventricle. the blood then goes into a valve to the lungs send back to the heart to the body |
| How many loops does the heart have | 2 |
| what is the main job of the digestive system | to transform food into forms the body can use |
| what is the main job of the respiratory system | to bring in oxygen and release waste carbon dioxide |
| what is the main job of the circulatory system | to transport oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients |
| what is the main job of the musculoskeletal system | movement of body parts |
| what is the main job of bones | support and protection of internal organs, creating RBCs, store calcium |
| what is a ligament | tough, fibrous tissue that connects one bone to another |
| what is a tendon | tough, fibrous tissue that attach muscle to bone |
| what is cartilage | firm, smooth tissue at the ends of bones. Provides a smooth surface between bonus, also present in areas such as the nose ears and voice box |
| what is a flexor | a muscle that bends a body part |
| what is an extensor | a muscle that extends or straightens a body part |
| what is a joint | a place where two bones meet |
| describe a ball and socket joint | one bone moves inside another |
| describe a plane joint | Two bones slide on top of each other |
| describe a hinge joint | opens like a door |
| describe a pivot joint | One bone , the atlas, rotates around the axis, another bone |
| describe a saddle joint | can move side to side but not forward and backwards like sitting on a saddle |
| what are the three types of muscles | cardiac, skeletal, and smooth |
| where are cardiac muscles | in the heart |
| where are skeletal muscles | all around the skeleton |
| where are smooth muscles | inside all organs of the digestive system |
| what is homeostasis | the process your body maintaining the correct condition like temperature |
| what are parts of a lab report | hypothesis, materials, procedure, data, conclusion, analysis |
| types of variables in an experiment | Constants, controlled and uncontrolled variables, IV and DV |
| rules for graphing | graph must have a title, use of IV and DV, and any units needed |
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