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Periodontology
Final Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who is the father of American dentistry? | J.V. Black |
| Who established the first dental school? | Alfred Fones |
| What year was the first dental hygienist school opened? | 1913 |
| When did Colorado pass a law to allow dental hygienist to practice without a dentist? | 1986 |
| Name a significant risk factor for periodontal disease. | Smoking |
| Who was the first dental hygienist? | Irene Newman |
| What is a method of quantifying an amount or severity of a disease? | Indices |
| What do we call the initial assessment data that is gathered to use for future comparisons? | Baseline data |
| What is a factor that increases a risk to a pt. that cannot be changed? | Risk Determinants |
| The likely hood a person would get a disease in a specific in a period of time: | High Risk (Risk) |
| What are the four tissues that work together to support the dentition, what is it called as a whole? | Periodontium |
| Dentist that specialized in treating diseases is what? | Periodontist |
| Prediction of disease duration course of response to treatment is what? | Prognosis |
| What is the study of health and disease in a human population? | Epidemiology |
| What is the number of new cases of disease in a population in a given amount of time? | Incidence |
| The number of people in a population who have the disease in a point of given time | Prevalence |
| What are indices used to measure? | Bleeding, Calculus, Plaque, Bone Loss |
| What is a case control study? | Contain all the above: Observational, antidondial, weak scientific evidence. |
| Is it true that the higher number of risk factors a pt. has that they are going to have a greater risk of periodontal disease? | True |
| Which part of the periodontium is seen clinically in the mouth? | Gingiva |
| Where would we find non-keratinized tissue? | Sulcular epithelium |
| Where do we find the attached gingiva? | Mucogingival junction to free gingival groove |
| What is a healthy gingival sulcus reading? | 1-3 mm |
| What influences the color of our gingiva? | Keratinization, Vascularity, Pigmentation |
| What contributes to stippled texture of the gingiva? | Rete Pegs |
| Free gingival groove: Is this always present? | NO, but does lie evenly with the sulcus |
| Concerning the basal cell layer, do you know where it is located? | Located adjacent to the basement membrane, undergoes mitosis, reproduces and migrates through the upper layers of the epithelium |
| Col area: | Two opposite interdental papilla B and L meet together |
| Rete Pegs: Which statements are correct? | Comes from the epithelium into the connective tissue CH. 2 pg. 17, 23 Book states that is comes from the connective tissue into the epithelium |
| What is the consistency of healthy gingiva? | Firm and resilient |
| A keratinocyte is a cell that is what? | Able to synthesize keratin and is found in stratified squamous epithelium |
| What type of epithelium is found in the oral cavity? | Stratified squamous |
| What makes up the gingiva, what type of tissues? | Connective and epithelial |
| CT fibers, what do the circular fibers do? Where are they | Circle the tooth |
| Transeptal Fibers | Tooth to tooth, cementum from one to the other |
| What cell is responsible for collagen production? | Fibroblasts |
| What is the connective tissue primarily composed of? | Collagen fibers and fibroblasts |
| What are the ends of the periodontal fibers called that are embedded into the cementum and bone? | Sharpey’s Fibers |
| Propriocepters, what are these? | Transmit the perception of pressure to the brain, found in the PDL |
| What are the tissues that we call the attachment apparatus attached to? | Cementum |
| Most common type of junction between the enamel and cementum is the most common? | Cementum over Enamel |
| What is the main component of periodontal fibers? | Collagen |
| If there is bleeding noted with a pt. what changes might you see in the gingiva due to this? | Color, position of the gingiva caused by the swelling, and consistency, etc. |
| What is the bone between the roots between two adjacent teeth called? | Interdental septum |
| What is a circumscribed window in the bone exposing the root surface of the tooth or between two different teeth? | Fenestration |
| What is the crystal line structure of the calcified tissue of the periodontium? | Hydroxyapatite 58% |
| What is a resorbed area of bone over the F surfaces of the root; it can occur labially? | Dehiscence |
| What is it called when we have caused something; operator induced? | Etiogenic |
| This is the result of a chemical mediator which cause the PMN’s to move to site of injury. | Chemotaxis |
| Increased blood due to vasodilation, the first sign of inflammation is called what? | Hyperemia |
| An inappropriate or harmful response from the immune system is due to what? | Allergic reaction |
| Powerful chemical substances secreted by inflammatory cells are what? | Cytokines |
| A non-specific lymphocyte affective against host cells that are infected with viruses (AIDS) and some types of tumors, are called what? | Natural Killer Cells |
| What are critical for blood clotting, what do we need to seal off wounds? | Platelet Count |
| What is coating an organism with antibodies or a complement protein to make it palatal for phagocytes? | Optimization |
| Any substance that is introduced into the body that is recognized by the immune systems is what? | Antigen |
| Cells that can turn off body productions are called what? | Suppressor t- cells |
| Which cells are the first to immigrate into the sulcus as a result from inflammation? | PNM |
| Which immuglobulin is most abundant in gingival exudate? | IGG |
| Signs of inflammation, what are they? | Edema, Pain, swelling, heat |
| When you have a decrease in neutrophils in WBC what happens? | Host is decreased |
| What are some etiologic factors in periodontal disease, what are things that are going to contribute to it? | Plaque, Host response (impaired) |
| Cellular immunity and humoral immunity what is the difference? | B-cells =plasma cells, T-cells |
| What is the first step in vascular reactions? | Vasoconstriction |
| What type of cells can cause host cell tissue injuries? | Macrophages, platelets, PMN’s, Neutrophils |
| What mediator of inflammation is found in a mast cell? | Histamine |
| What is the purpose or role of macrophage? | Eat or engulf and digest bacteria |
| When you are having an allergic or hypersensitivity reaction, can it cause tissue damage? | Yes, Tissue damage, LOC. GEN., delayed and immediate |
| What is GCF, What is it? | Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Inflammatory exudate |
| Is GCF present in healthy gingiva? | Yes, in small amounts |
| Which cells synthesize antibodies? | Plasma cells |
| What is the most attributed factor with gingival disease? | Molecules being released |
| What is the adherence to one bacterial species to another bacterial species? | Coagulation |
| What is the most common found periodontal pathogen in chronic perio? | Spirochetes |
| What are contributed factors to cause periodontal disease? | Mal occlusion, restorations, faulty restorations, calculus, over hangs |
| What are the components of subgingival and supra calculus? | Organic and inorganic |
| Which components organic or inorganic are found in supra and sub calculus? | Organic and inorganic are found in both |
| What is the attachment mechanism for plaque subgingivally? What does it adhere to? | Calculus |
| What are methods for calculus to attach to the teeth? | Surface irregularities, pellicle, and penetration of bacteria into the cementum |
| Nosocomial, what does this mean? | You got the sickness from the hospital |
| Where supragingival calculus is most abundant? | By the salivary ducts |
| In two days’ time plaque become mineralized to what percent? | 50% |
| What are the three bacteria that are associated with perio disease? | Aa, P. Gingivalis, and Tanerella |
| Which type of microbe is predominately found in NUG. | Sphirochetes |
| What is the most common form of any periodontal disease? | Gingivitis |
| What is myalgia? | Muscle pain |
| What is a pseudopocket? | A pocket, adjacent to a tooth, resulting from gingival hyperplasia and edema but without apical migration of the epithelial attachment. |
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daisenmurray
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