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Pharmacology
Final Exam #3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| T/F: Medications such as promethazine when taken for nausea can result in involuntary movements of the mouth and jaw (tardive dyskinesia) which fortunately disappear when the medication is discontinued and do not result in a permanent condition. | False- |
| Which of the following is used primarily in the direct treatment of hypertension? A. atenolol (Tenormin) B.phenobarbital (Luminal) C. lidocaine (Xylocaine) D. phenytoin (Dilantin) | A. atenolol (Tenormin) |
| Although the exact mechanism is not known, furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide work primarily by: | Decreasing sodium reabsorption in the kidney, thereby causing extra water to be excreted in the urine and reducing overall blood volume |
| Which drug is a loop diuretic? A. phenobarbital (Luminal) B. furosemide (Lasix) C. lithium D. digoxin (Lanoxin) | B. furosemide (Lasix) |
| Nitroglycerin is used primarily to treat which disease? A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease B. congestive heart failure C. arrhythmias D. angina pectoris | D. angina pectoris |
| Your patient identifies on the health history that he is taking anti-phychotic medications. While in the chair, he does not interact with you verbally. This is an example of a positive/negative characteristic of a psychosis. | negative |
| T/F: The goal of N2O anxiolysis is to get a patient to pass quickly through the first stage of general anesthesia and then to settle into the second or third stage while you are treating. | False- |
| Which of the following drugs is an anti-depressant that is sometimes used in tobacco cessation treatment? A. lovastatin (Mevacor) B. buproprian (Wellburtrin, Zyban) C. atenolol (Tenormin) D. phyenytoin (Dilantin) | B. buproprian (Wellburtrin, Zyban) |
| Which of the following is NOT an acceptable use of the phenothiazine anti-phychotics? A. treatment of schizophrenia B. treatment of hypertension C. treatment of withdrawal D. treatment of chronic hiccups | B. treatment of hypertension |
| Gingival hyperplasia ( or enlargement) is NOT a common adverse reaction to which of the following medications? A. phyenytoin (Dilantin) B. amlodipine (Norvase) C. nifedipine (Procardia) D. diazepam (Valium) | D. diazepam (Valium) |
| A drug that is used in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and epilepsy is: A. hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, Aquazide) B. atenolol (Tenormin) C. amlodipine (Norvasc) D. carbamazepine (Tegretol) | D. carbamazepine (Tegretol) |
| The drug of choice used in treatment of status epilepticus or other acute seizures is: A. hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, Aquazide) B. atenolol (Tenormin) C. amlodipine (Norvasc) D.diazepam (Valium) | D. diazepam (Valium) |
| The category of medication described as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors includes Paxil, Celexa, Lexapro, and: A. Valium B. Prozac C. Dilantin D. Xanax | B. Prozac |
| Which of the following drugs is NOT an anticoagulant? A. warfarin B. clopidogrel C. diazepam D. apaxiban | C. diazapam |
| T/F: An arrhythmia means that the automaticity of the heart is functioning correctly but in the correct conduction sequence. | False- |
| A patient indicates on their medical history that they are taking lovastatin (Mepivacor). What condition is being treated with this medication? A. hypertension B. high cholesterol C. depression D. hay fever | B. high cholesterol |
| Which drug can have side effects from hypokalemia, requiring the patient's physician to prescribe potassium supplements? A. lidocaine B. verapamil C. nifedipine D. hydrochlorothiazide | D. hydrochlorothiazide |
| In terms of current medical practice, benzodiazepines such as Valium or Xanax are more commonly/ less commonly used that barbiturates such as phenobarbital. State a reason why this has occurred. | More commonly |
| You visit an oral surgeon to have your wisdom teeth removed. At 2:00 pm, a sedative of some sort is administered. Later that evening, someone asks you about your day and you are unable to remember any events from 1:15 pm to 3:45 pm. This is an example of? | Retrograde and anterograde amnesia |
| Valium increases/ decreases the pain threshold, which means that a patient who takes valium is likely to feel pain more/less easily, especially if the pain is not related to anxiety. | decreases, more |
| T/F: Sine tolerance develops to most effects of barbiturates, taking extra amounts after someone has been taking them for several weeks is not likely to result is death by overdose. | False |
| When an anxiolytic is given to a patient to help them relax and they instead become more agitated. this is known as an: A. zero-order kinetics B. obsessive-compulsive disorder C. allergic response D. idosyncratic response | D. idiosyncratic response |
| T/F: Calcium channel blockers are an example of a drug category where you might find a drug that is both an anxiolytic and a muscle relaxant and therefore might be useful to treat tension induces spasm of muscles involved with TMJ | False- |
| Which cardiac conditions do NOT require antibiotic prophylaxis prior to sub-gingival scaling? A. bacterial endocarditis B. un-repaired tetraology of Fallot which was diagnosed at birth C. heart attack three years ago D. artificial heart valve | C. heart attack three years ago |
| T/F: If 2 carpules of lidocaine 2% with Epi 1:100,000 is a safe dose for a cardiac patient, then it would be safe from a cardiac standpoint to give 2 carps of articaine 4% with Epi 1:100,000. | True |
| CHE stands for chronic/ congestive heart failure which means that the heart is able/ no longer to pump efficiently and it can be/ is always caused by a heart attack. | congestive, is no longer able, it can be |
| Which of the following brand names of medications is not a benzodiazepine but does interact with the benzodiazepine receptors? A. Ambien B. Sonata C. Valium D, Lunesta | B. Sonata |
| T/F: Due to the effects of the medications Ambien, Sonata, Valium, and Lunesta, a patient taking these medications the day before and driving to an early appointment would have an increased chance of falling asleep at the wheel when driving to the appt. | True |
| An EEG is used to diagnose brain/ heart disorders. An EKG is used to diagnose brain/ heart disorders. | brain, heart |
| T/F: Nitroglycerine is useful in treating angina pectoris because is causes cardiac vessels to constrict. | False- |
| T/F: Insulin is a hormone, a protein, and necessary for human life. | True |
| List one thing you should do to prevent hypotension in your patients | slowly raised to supine position dangle their legs over the side of the chair and wiggle them support the patient for a few steps to prevent syncope |
| Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease are related to the use of adrenocorticosteroids. How? | one has a deficiency of adrenocorticosterioids and the other has an excess amount |
| What is the approximate half-life of Valium in the blood stream? | 20-80 Hrs |
| Which of the following should be your first choice in caring for an anxious patient? A. communication, relaxing environment, building trust B. Phenobarbital as a sedative C. Valium as a sedative D. Haloperidol as a chemical restraint | A. communication, relaxing environment, building trust |
| T/F: Depression is always a result of recognized external factors | False |
| T/F: In some cases, sever schizophrenia can cause a person to react with violence. | True |
| Describe a situation where an adverse reaction to a medication could be beneficial | If an anti-histamine is provided for the patient due to allergies, and they are restless if benadryl is prescribed it could cause drowsiness which will benefit the patient. |
| Which of the following means increased heart rate? A. Tachycardia B. Bradycardia C. Orthopnea D. Tachypnea | A. Tachycardia |
| T/F: Ethanol is useful to help cure an overdose of Valium | False |
| T/F: There has been a potential risk that electronic devices such as microwaves and ultrasonic scalers could interfere with the action of cardiac pacemakers, but this is unlikely with modern shielded pacemakers. | True |
| ACE inhibotor | captopril |
| Beta Blocker | propranolol |
| Anti-cholesterol medication | simvastatin |
| Sedative-hypnotic | chloral hydrate |
| What is the most common "date-rape" drug? | Alcohol |
| Select the most accurate statement regarding schizophrenia | schizophrenia refers to a psychiatric condition where the patient has lost touch with reality to the extent that they are unable to function in normal society |
| All but one are reasons why the cardiac glycoside digoxin is not used as much for CHF as it was for 35 yrs ago. A.safer drugs available B.helps the heart pump not life expectancy C.visual distortion and mental confusion D.wider therapeutic index | D. wider therapeutic index |
Created by:
daisenmurray
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