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Final World Civ. II
Study Guide for World Civilizations pt. 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a Primary Source? | A person who lived during the event speaking about or participating while the event is happening |
| What is a Secondary Source? | Someone who might have been alive during the period but did not live the event |
| What were some of the effects of the Great War? | It affected technology and management by producing new inventions and techniques through the encouragement of wartime governments |
| What was the Great War? | World War I |
| Within two years of the Great War, what did the losing European governments transform into? | Constitutional republics in which the people had supreme authority |
| Who was Mustafa Kemal? | The "architect" and "father" ("Ataturk") of the Turkish Republic |
| What took the place of the Ottoman Empire? | The Turkish Republic |
| Why did Mohandas Gandhi encourage Indians to spin and weave their own cloth? | Swadeshi. |
| What is Swadeshi? | Self-sufficiency of the community |
| Who were the Axis alliance in World War II? | Germany, Italy, and Japan |
| Why did Hitler engage in conquests? | To secure "living space" in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union |
| Who was Felix Eboue? | The wartime governor of Chad who declared his loyalty to the Free French rather than the Vichy Government |
| What was the purpose of Mao's Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution? | To mobilize the Red Guards to cleanse China of bourgeois values, foreign influences, and ideological impurities |
| What did Mao Zedong believe should be the basis of the communist revolution? | peasants |
| What did Rachel Carson, author of Silent Spring, warn her readers about? | DDT and other pesticides that killed animal life. |
| Who established the policy of Apartheid in South Africa? | The National Party |
| What is Apartheid? | Racial segregation |
| Who were the "Asian Tigers"? | A group of nations who build strong economies around making high-quality goods for export; included Taiwan |
| How did China change under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping? | It reformed its economy by allowing farmers, local businesses, and large businesses to buy and sell goods privately; fourteen coastal cities were opened to foreign investment |
| Which movement overthrew long standing governments in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya? | The Arab Spring popular movements of 2011 and 2012 |
| Why were cities safer places to live by the time of World War I? | Advances in public health |
| Why did immigration to the United States decline in the 1920s? | Strict immigration quotas |
| What was sparked by government support for solutions to military and industrial problems during the Great War? | New inventions and mass production techniques |
| Who was Albert Einstein? | A German physicist who demonstrated mathematically that there was no single spatial and chronological framework within the universe |
| For what purpose did Austrian physician Sigmund Freud contend civilization's standards and laws serve? | Control base instincts |
| What is Cubism? | The artistic technique whereby the artist disassembles an object and then puts it back together on canvas in jumbled bits and pieces |
| How did the governments that replaced those that fell during World War I claim legitimacy? | As the rightful agents of the "will of the people" |
| What didn't Stalin's Five Year Plan concern itself with? | Producing consumer goods |
| Who was the chief architect of the new republic that arose from the ruins of the Ottoman empire? | Mustafa Ataturk |
| What did the rising middle class of Latin America resent? | old land-owning elite |
| What was the primary reason colonizers built roads and railways in their African and Asian possessions? | The transportation of export commodities |
| What else did the League of Nations endorse when it assigned Palestine to Britain as a post war mandate? | The Balfour Declaration |
| What did Ho Chi Minh petition for to President Wilson in Paris? | The self rule of his home country which was, at the time, under harsh colonial rule by the French |
| What lead to the radicalization of many Indian nationalists? | The Amristar Massacre |
| How do major industrial states try to halt economic downturn? | Balancing the budget |
| Which was the first nation to try to restart the economy by introducing public works projects financed by government borrowing? | Sweden |
| Who was Jiang Jieshi? | President of China, protested the Japanese invasion of Manchuria |
| Why didn't the League of Nations take military action against the Japanese invasion of Manchuria? | The League lacked a mechanism for military action |
| What was the major factor that motivated Japan to seize territories abroad as it's industrial power grew? | oil |
| What was Mein Kampf? | Hitler's semi autobiographical work setting forth his world view |
| What were the Nuremberg Laws? | 1935 laws that began the systematic project to isolate the Jews in Germany |
| What did Marshall Petain lead? | A collaborationist government that administered the southern provinces of France from the small city of Vichy |
| How did the Soviets protect their industrial plants from German aerial attack? | Moved them to Inner Eurasia |
| Where did the first major engagement between US and Japanese carrier-based planes occur? | The Coral Sea |
| Where was the German advance into the Soviet Union halted? | Stalingrad |
| How did Mao's vision of communism differ from that of most of his comrades? | He believed the revolution should be rural-based |
| Who was Rosie the Riveter? | A US embolism for national fortitude and sacrifice in image and song |
| How did World War II impact the economies in Latin America? | Benefited the middle and wealthy classes |
| What did Chinese communist forces drive from the Chinese mainland and onto the island of Taiwan? | The Nationalist government of President Jiang Jieshi |
| Where was the German capital of Berlin? | The Soviet Union's military zone |
| Why did the American public favor continued international engagement after WWII more so than after WWI? | They feared an economic crisis similar to the one that occurred after WWI |
| How does the UN differ from the League of Nations? | The UN had the power to deploy troops; the League of Nations did not |
| What was the Truman Doctrine? | The US policy that supported free people who resisted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures |
| Who was Jawaharlal Nehru? | The English educated lawyer and committed socialist who helped lead the Indian National Congress |
| Why did the welfare state grow faster in Western Europe than in the US? | There was not as much public support in the US |
| Which country showed the fastest rate of growth in the 1950s? | The Soviet Union |
| Who was Nikita Khrushchev? | The Soviet leader who ascended to the top of the Soviet political hierarchy within two years of Stalin's death. |
| What happened in Mao's China? | When the government directly managed the economy, growth waned |
| How did Mexico quadruple its manufacturing output between 1945 and 1973? | An economic ideology called import substitution industrialization |
| Who kept a tight rein on power but also appealed to the urban masses and labor unions for support? | Argentinian president Juan Peron |
| How did industrial manufacturing in South Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore differ from the Latin America model? | South Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore's Industrial manufacturing was export market focused |
| At what expense was fast recovery made in Northern Europe via heavy industry? | The ecological expense of the Rhine River |
| What is the significance of the book Silent Spring? | Rouse scientific and public consciousness about the environment; written by Rachel Carson |
| For whom did the UN authorize military intervention on the Korean peninsula? | South Koreans |
| What is the purpose of the strategy known as MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction)? | An attempt to defend against nuclear attack |
| What was the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962? | A critical turning point in the projection of Soviet imperial power |
| What was Zimbabwe known as before it gained its independence? | The British dependency of Southern Rhodesia |
| Why did the Congo fall into civil disarray so quickly after gaining independence from Belgium? | The failure of Belgium to prepare the colony for self-rule |
| What was the outcome of the Six Day War? | Israel occupied the Golan Heights |
| What was another name for the National Liberation Front (NLF)? | Viet Cong |
| Which area is know to have the most severe institutionalized racism? | South Africa |
| Which of the major African nationalist parties were considered more radical? | The Pan-African Congress (PAC) |
| Why did the "baby boomers" flood into college and university between 1964 and 1970? | Rising incomes of working parents |
| Who helped create and market the Apple II computer? | Stephen Wozniak |
| What was the first satellite launched in 1957? | Sputnik |
| Why have serious economic fluctuations in recent years had global impact? | National economies are now tightly linked together |
| Why did OPEC declare an oil embargo against the US in 1973? | To place political pressure on Israel to return to occupied territories |
| Which is know as a "tiger cub" nation? | Thailand |
| What did Deng Xiaoping of the Chinese Communist Party vow to do after nearly three decades of central planning? | Revive and modernize the economy |
| What is Perestroika? | Launched by Mikhail Gorbachev, the economic liberalization campaign in the Soviet Union |
| What was one stipulation of the Maastricht Treaty? | The European Economic Community, formed in 1957, changed its name to the European Union in 1992 |
| What has a set of complex rules and institutions for the free movement of goods, capital, and workers among its member states? | The European Union |
| What created the International Monetary Fund? | The Bretton Woods system |
| Why has the number of sovereign states in the world risen so dramatically since World War II? | The dismantling of colonial empires |
| What is détente? | A period in the mid-1960s in which the Unites States and Soviet Union entered into a period of improved relations |
| Which was one of the main ethnic groups involved in the inter-ethnic warfare that occurred after the collapse of the republic of Yugoslavia? | Croats |
| What are the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council? | Great Britain, the US, Russia, China, and France |
| Why did the UN adopt the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948? | In response to the atrocities committed during World War II |
| How did al-Qaida first appear? | As a guerrilla organization fighting Afghanistan's Soviet occupiers |
| Which is a state notable for its support of terrorist groups? | Libya |
| Which was among the first nations to establish full diplomatic relations with Israel? | Egypt |
| In post-WWII years, political and economic leaders nearly everywhere believed what? | Sustained and accelerated economic growth would ultimately make life better for all |
Created by:
lgns
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