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Eberhard Ch. 8
Eberhard Ch. 8 The Road to War
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was a political factor that led to the American Revolution? | The question of who had the right to tax the colonists: Parliament or the colonial government? |
| How did the British government deal with the American colonies before the French and Indian War? | Britain ignored the colonies, letting them govern themselves. |
| How did the British government deal with the American colonies after the French and Indian War? | Britain passed laws taking power away from the colonies and giving it to the Parliament. |
| Who did the colonists believe should have the right to tax them? | the colonial assemblies |
| What were two economic factors that led to the American Revolution? | the need for taxes, and the power of the colonists to force Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act |
| Why did Britain think the colonists should pay the debts from the French and Indian War? | Since the colonists benefited from Britain winning the War, they should have to pay for it. |
| What was the Stamp Act? | a law passed by Parliament that placed a tax on all papers such as legal documents and newspapers |
| Why did Parliament pass the Stamp Act? | to make the colonists pay for the French and Indian War by taxing them |
| What did "no taxation without representation" mean? | This was a protest cry by the colonists because they felt they had no voice in the government that imposed taxes on them. |
| What was the Stamp Act Congress? | a meeting of representatives from the colonies to discuss what to do about the Stamp Act |
| What did the Stamp Act Congress do? | They sent a petition to the king and decided to boycott British goods. |
| What does boycott mean? | to refuse to buy certain goods |
| What was the Sons of Liberty? | a group of colonists who protested the Stamp Act by scaring the stamp agents |
| What was the Daughters of Liberty? | a women's group of colonists who helped the boycott by making their own cloth and tea instead of buying them from the British |
| Who was Patrick Henry? | a member of Virginia’s colonial assembly who strongly protested the Stamp Act, declaring the rights of the colonists. |
| What speech is Patrick Henry most remembered for? | "Give me liberty or give me death." |
| How did Patrick Henry's speech affect the colonists? | His words inspired other colonists to protest the new tax. |
| How did Benjamin Franklin inspire colonists to unite? | He created a cartoon called "JOIN or DIE" that urged colonies to unite. |
| How did the colonists' protests affect the Stamp Act? | Parliament repealed the Stamp Act. |
| What does repeal mean? | cancel |
| What did Parliament do a year after the Stamp Act was repealed that angered colonists? | Parliament passed the Townshend Acts. |
| What were the Townshend Acts? | The Townshend Acts placed a tariff on paper, wool, tea, and other goods imported from Britain. |
| What is a tariff? | a tax on imported goods |
| What was the Boston Massacre? | an incident in Boston in which British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists, killing five people. |
| Who was Crispus Attucks? | a slave who was killed during the Boston Massacre |
| What did Sam Adams do that kept the colonies informed about British actions in other colonies? | He started the Committee of Correspondence. |
| What was the Committee of Correspondence? | a form of communication between the colonies in which express riders delivered letters to keep colonies informed about British actions |
| Who was Paul Revere? | an express rider with the Committee of Correspondence |
| Who helped set up a Committee of Correspondence in Virginia? | Thomas Jefferson |
| What was the Tea Act? | a law passed by Parliament that said the East India Tea Company was the only one that could sell tea to the colonies |
| Why did Parliament pass the Tea Act? | Parliament wanted to help the East India Tea Company survive, and they wanted to force the colonists to pay taxes. |
| What was the Boston Tea Party? | an incident in which Sons of Liberty, dressed as Indians, threw British tea into Boston harbor |
| Why did the Sons of Liberty participate in the Boston Tea Party? | The Sons of Liberty were afraid that cheap tea would threaten their boycott. |
| Who was John Adams? | a Massachusetts leader and member of the Sons of Liberty |
| How did Parliament react to the Boston Tea Party? | Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts as punishment for the Boston Tea Party. |
| What did Parliament call the Intolerable Acts? | the Coercive Acts, because they were trying to coerce, or force, the colonists to pay for the dumped tea |
| What were three parts of the Intolerable Acts? | Boston Harbor was closed, General Gage was put in control of Massachusetts, and the colonists had to quarter British soldiers. |
| What does quarter mean? | to feed and house |
| How did the colonists react to the Intolerable Acts? | They sent delegates to the First Continental Congress to decide what action to take about the Intolerable Acts. |
| Who were delegates to the First Continental Congress from Virginia? | George Washington and Patrick Henry |
| What action did the First Continental Congress take? | They set up a boycott on all trade with Britain,sent a petition to the King and advised each colony to form militias. |
| What is a militia? | a volunteer army |
| What were Patriots? | Colonists who opposed British rule |
| What were Loyalists? | Colonists who remained loyal to Britain |
| Where was the first battle of the Revolution fought? | Lexington |
| Why was the first shot at Lexington called "the shot heard round the world?" | Many nations were influenced by the American Revolution. |
| What were two reasons the British marched on Lexington and Concord? | They wanted to capture Patriot leaders at Lexington and destroy the military supplies stored by the colonists at Concord. |
| What were Minutemen? | members of the militia that could be ready to fight in a minute |
| What was the result of the Battle of Concord? | The British were forced to retreat to Boston. |
| What was the Battle of Bunker (Breed's) Hill? | a battle in which the colonists tried to get control of a hill outside of Boston so they could fire their cannons down on Boston |
| Why was the Battle of Bunker Hill important to the colonists? | It proved that they could stand up to the mighty British army. |
| What was the result of the Battle of Bunker Hill? | The colonists had to surrender because they ran out of gunpowder, but they killed or wounded many British soldiers. |
| What two lessons did the Americans learn from the Battle of Bunker Hill? | fighting Indian-style was effective, and they needed allies to supply them with ammunition |
| Who was Peter Salem? | a former slave and Minuteman who earned his freedom for serving in the American army at Bunker Hill and later at Saratoga |
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betheb
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