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Unit 9

Psychological Development

TermDefinition
Developmental Psychology The branch of psychology concerned with interaction between physical and psychological processes and with stages of growth from conception throughout the entire life span.
Longitudinal design A research design in which the same participants are observed repeatedly, sometimes over many years.
Cross-sectional design A research method in which groups of participants of different chronological ages are observed and compared at a given time.
Nature vs Nurture controversy The debate concerning the relative importance of heredity (nature) and learning or experience (nurture) in determining development and behavior.
Maturation The continuing influence of heredity throughout development; the age-related physical and behavior changes characteristic of a species.
Puberty The attainment of sexual maturity, indicated for girls by menstruation and for boys by the production of live sperm and the ability to ejaculate.
Cognitive development The development of processes of knowing, including imaging, perceiving, reasoning, and problem solving.
Schemas Piaget's term for cognitive structures that develop as infants and young children learn to interpret the world and adapt to their environment.
Assimilation According to Piaget, the process whereby new cognitive elements are incorporated with old elements or modified to fit more easily; this process works in tandem with accommodation.
Accommodation According to Piaget, the process of restructuring or modifying cognitive structures so that new information can fit into them more easily; this process works in tandem with assimilation.
Object permanence The recognition that objects exist independently of an individual's action or awareness; an important cognitive acquisition of infancy.
Egocentrism In cognitive development, the inability of a young child at the preoperational stage to take the perspective of another person.
Conservation According to Piaget, the understanding that physical properties do not change when nothing is added or taken away, even though appearances may change.
Alzheimer's disease A chronic organic brain syndrome characterized by gradual loss of memory, decline in intellectual ability, and deterioration of personality.
Phonemes Minimal units of speech in any given language that make a meaningful difference in speech production and reception; R and I are two distinct phonemes in English but variations of one in Japenese
Overregularization A grammatical error, usually appearing during early language development, in which rules of the language are applied too widely, resulting in incorrect linguistic forms.
Psychological Stages Proposed by Erik Erikson, successive developmental stages that focus on individual's orientation toward the self and others.
Attachment The emotional relationship between a child and the regular caregiver.
Imprinting A primitive form of learning in which infant animals physically follow and form an attachment to the first moving object they see and/or hear.
Parenting styles The manner in which parent rear their children.
Contact comfort Comfort derived from an infant's physical contact with the mother or caregiver.
Generativity A commitment beyond one's self and one's partner to family, work, society, and future generations; typically, a crucial step in development in one's 30's and 40's.
Gender A psychological phenomenon that refers to learned sex-related behaviors and attitudes of males and females.
Created by: Mr.Knock
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