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Vocab for final
Unit 7 Vocabulary
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Inertia | An object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force. |
Action-reaction | "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction." |
Force | Any push or pull. |
Pressure | Force acting on a given area. |
Elastic limit | The amount of pressure an object can withstand and still return to its orginal shape. |
Fault | A fracture within the Earth where rock movement occurs. |
Normal fault | Tension-the rocks are moving apart. |
Reverse fault | Compression-the rocks push or press togetger. |
Strike-slip fault | Shearing-the rocks slide past each other. |
Compression wave | Matter is squeezed together. ex: accordion. |
Transverse wave | Matter moves at right angles to the direction the wave is moving. |
seismic wave | waves generated by earthquakes. |
focus | the point inside the Earth where seismic waves orginate. (5-700 km below surface) |
primary wave | AKA, compression waves. Travel faster and arrive first. |
secondary wave | AKA, transverse waves. Travel slower and arrive second. |
epicenter | Point on Earth's surface directly above the focus. |
surface wave | waves generated when seismic waves reach the surface. |
vent | Openings on the surface of the Earth where magma flows out. |
calm eruption | thin magma, almost water-like. Magma is released gently and magma flows out of vent. |
violent eruption | thick magma, like syrup. Clogs vent causing a buildup of pressure and sudden release causes magma to erupt explosively. |
shield volcano | gentle slope, formed from hot, thin lava. No violent eruptions and lava erupts out of more than one vent. |
cinder cone | As and cooled lava form a steep cone. Leave a single vent and has violent eruptions. |
composite cone | Steep-sided mountains. Alternates gentle and explosive eruptions. Formed from flowing and hardened lava, and ash. |