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AP World Chapter 23
Ap World History - Summerville High School
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| caravels | Slender, long-hulled vessels used by Portuguese; highly maneuverable and able to sail against the wind; key to development of Portuguese trade empire in Asia. |
| Asian sea trading network | divided, from West to East, into three zones prior to the European arrival; an Arab zone based on glass, carpets, and tapestries; an Indian zone with cotton textiles; and a Chinese zone with paper, porcelain, and silks. |
| mercantilists | proponents of mercantilism; an economic theory that gave central importance to maintaining a positive balance of trade with other nations. |
| Ormuz | Portuguese establishment at the southern end of the Persian Gulf; a major trading base. |
| Goa | Indian city developed by the Portuguese as a major Indian Ocean base; developed an important Indo-European population. |
| factories | European trading fortresses and compounds with resident merchants; used throughout the Portuguese trading empire to ensure secure landing places and commerce. |
| Batavia | Dutch establishment on Java; created in 1620. |
| Dutch trading empire | the Dutch system extending into Asia with fortified towns and factories, warships on patrol, and monopoly control of a limited number of products. |
| Luzon | island of the northern Philippines; conquered by Spain during the 1560s; site of a major Catholic missionary effort. |
| Mindanao | island of the southern Philippines; a Muslim area able to successfully resist Spanish conquest. |
| Francis Xavier | Franciscan missionary who worked in India during the 1540s among outcast and lower-caste groups; later worked in Japan. |
| Robert di Nobili | Italian Jesuit active in India during the early 1600s; failed in a policy of converting indigenous elites first. |
| Hongwu | first Ming emperor (1368–1403); drove out the Mongols and restored the position of the scholar-gentry. |
| Macao and Canton | the only two ports in Ming China where Europeans were allowed to trade. |
| Matteo Ricci and Adam Schall | Jesuit scholars at the Ming court; also skilled scientists; won few converts to Christianity. |
| Chongzhen | last emperor of the Ming Dynasty; died in 1644. |
| Oda Nobunaga | the first Japanese daimyo to make extensive use of firearms; in 1573, deposed the last Ashikaga shogun; unified much of central Honshu; died in 1582. |
| Toyotomi Hideyoshi | general under Nobunaga; succeeded as a leading military power in central Japan; continued efforts to break power of the daimyos; became military master of Japan in 1590; died in 1598. |
| Tokugawa Ieyasu | vassal of Toyotomi Hideyoshi; succeeded him as the most powerful military figure in Japan; granted title of shogun in 1603 and established the Tokugawa shogunate; established political unity in Japan. |
| Edo | Tokugawa capital, modern-day Tokyo; center of Tokugawa shogunate. |
| Deshima | island port in Nagasaki Bay; the only port open to foreigners, the Dutch, after the 1640s. |
| School of National Learning | 18th-century ideology that emphasized Japan’s unique historical experience and the revival of indigenous culture at the expense of Confucianism and other Chinese influences. |
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amygilstrap7
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