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15. Mongols
Ap World History - Summerville High School
Term | Definition |
---|---|
kuriltai | meeting of all Mongol chieftains at which the supreme ruler of all tribes was selected. |
khagan | title of the supreme ruler of the Mongol tribes. |
tumens | basic fighting units of Mongol forces; made up of 10,000 cavalrymen divided into smaller units. |
Karakorum | capital of Mongol Empire under Chinggis Khan. |
Batu | grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Golden Horde; invaded Russia in 1236. |
Ogedei | third son of Chinggis Khan; succeeded him as Mongol khagan. |
Golden Horde | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russia during the 13th and 14th centuries. |
khanates | four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan. |
Battle of Kulikova | Russian victory over the forces of the Golden Horde; helped break Mongol hold over Russia. |
Prester John | a mythical Christian monarch whose kingdom supposedly had been cut off from Europe by the Muslim conquests; some thought he was Chinggis Khan. |
Baibars | commander of Mamluk forces at Ain Jalut in 1260; originally enslaved by Mongols and sold to Egyptians. |
Berke | ruler of the Golden Horde (r. 1257–1266); converted to Islam; his threat to Hulegu combined with the growing power of Mamluks in Egypt forestalled further Mongol conquests in the Middle East. |
Kubilai Khan | grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271. |
Dadu | Mongol capital of Yuan dynasty; present-day Beijing. |
Chabi | influential wife of Kubilai Khan; demonstrated refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Confucian China. |
Romance of the West Chamber | famous Chinese dramatic work written during the Yuan period. |
White Lotus Society | secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty. |
Zhu Yuanzhang | Chinese peasant who led successful revolt against Yuan; founded Ming dynasty. |
Ming dynasty | succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. |
Timur-i Lang | last major nomad leader; 14th, known to the West as Tamerlane; century Turkic ruler of Samarkand; launched attacks in Persia, Fertile Crescent, India, southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405. |