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Ch 4 Sec 1,2,3,4
vocab
Question | Answer |
---|---|
The passing of traits from parents to offspring | heredity |
A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes | trait |
The scientific study of heredity | genetics |
The joining of a sperm and an egg | fertilization |
The offspring of many generations that have the same traits | purebred |
The set of information that controls a trait | gene |
The different forms of a gene | alleles |
An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present | dominant allele |
An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present | recessive allele |
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait | hybrid |
A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur | probobility |
A chart that shows all possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross | Punnett square |
An organisms physical appearence or visible traits | phenotype |
An organisms genetic makeup, or allele combinations | genotype |
Having two of the same alleles for a trait | homozygous |
having two different alleles for a trait | heterozygous |
A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene are dominant or recessive | codominance |
The process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells | meiosis |
Takes the code from the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm | messenger RNA |
The RNA that encodes the code of the messenger RNA to make the proteins | transfer RNA |
Any change in a gene or trait | mutation |