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General Medications
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Antianxiety Drugs | Alter the CNS's sympathetic response. Massage indications for this group of drugs includes stimulating strokes. There is a risk of orthostatic hypotension. Work must be conservative to respect the client's reduced ability to adapt to external changes. |
| Antidepressant Drugs | These drugs prolong the availability of neurotransmitters in the CNS. Massage may exacerbate dizziness, drowsiness, and lightheadedness. Caution to not over-treat the client. Gentle stimulating massage is commonly appropriate. |
| Anti-inflammatory Drugs | These drugs work to reduce inflammation by reducing the inflammatory response. These drugs alter tissue response. Therapists must work conservatively and be aware of the drug's peak activity to manage tissue changes. |
| Analgesic Drugs | These drugs work to reduce pain sensation/perception. These drugs reduce tissue response and require therapists to act conservatively. Therapists must remain attentive and not over-treat the client. |
| Autonomic Nervous System Drugs | These drugs work to stimulate or block the action of the sympathetic/parasympathetic response.They are used for a wide variety of conditions including gastrointestinal, urinary, cardiac, and respiratory conditions. Longer, slower massages are recommended. |
| Cardiovascular Drugs | These drugs work to minimize a sympathetic response or to dilate peripheral blood vessels. The client may fall into a deep parasympathetic state feeling fatigued and lethargic. Ending the session with stimulating strokes is recommended. |
| Cancer Drugs | This is a large group of drugs that act in a wide variety of ways in the body. They are generally toxic to the whole body. Massage should be conservative and circulatory massage minimized. A physician release is necessary to treat clients. |
| Clotting Management Drugs | This group of drugs acts upon clotting factors in the plod. Anti-coagulants and Thrombolytics. An increased risk of bruising, clot generation, and internal bleeding exists. Massage is contraindicated without a physician release. |
| Diabetic Drugs | These drugs are designed to help support, release, or manage insulin and glucose. Massage lowers blood glucose which may be difficult to manage. Clients taking this category of drugs must have an emergency plan in place with their therapist. |
| Muscle Relaxant Drugs | These drugs are prescribed to manage acute spasms or chronic spasticity. They act upon the brain, spinal cord, or muscle tissue itself. These drugs interfere with tissue responses increasing the risk of overtreatment. |
| Thyroid Supplemental Drugs | This category of drugs is used to replicate or be converted into bioactive thyroid secretions. Prescribed doses often creating frequent hormonal change and imbalance. |
| Benzodiazepines | An antianxiety drug, this potentially addictive drug mimics the inhibitory action of neurotransmitter gamma animo-butyric acid suppressing the emotional component of anxiety in the limbic system. Used for seizures, insomnia, & convulsions. -Xanax, Valium |
| Buspirone HCL | This antianxiety drug binds up dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain leading to calmer effects. Less addictive than other, these drugs are used to treat general anxiety disorders -BuSpar |
| Tricyclics | This antidepressant drug blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin leading to 'down regulation' and more normal function of post synaptic receptors. -Elavil, Tofranil |
| MAOI's: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors | This antidepressant inhibits monamine oxidase enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters. -Nardil |
| SSRI / SNRI: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitors | These antidepressants work to keep serotonin and norepinephrine in the synapses longer improving neurotransmitter uptake. These are used to treat depression and eating disorders. -Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, Celexa, Lexapro, Cymbalta |
| Salicyclates | These over the counter drugs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis reducing pain sensitivity and inflammation. They reduce fever by acting on the hypothalamus and promoting peripheral vasodilation. -Aspirin |
| Acetaminophen | These over the counter drugs act on the hypothalamus to reduce fever. They reduce pain sensation in the CNS and PNS. THEY DO NOT REDUCE INFLAMMATION! -Tylenol, Anacin |
| NSAIDS: Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs | This drug gamily works to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis at sites of tissue damage to reduce inflammation and the pain associated with it. -Celebrex, Advil, Excedrin, Mobic |
| Steroidal Anti-inflammatories | These synthetic glucocorticoids work to undo the symptoms of inflammation: pain, heat, redness, and edema. They suppress prostaglandins and histamines. -Cortisone, Hydrocortisone, Prednisone |
| Narcotics | This drug family binds to opiate receptors in the brain to mimic the action of pain-killing endorphins reducing pain sensation without the loss of consciousness. They also suppress cough reflex and GI peristalsis. _Codeine, Vicodin, Morphine |
| Cholinergics | These ANS drugs mimic parasympathetic function. -Aricept |
| Anti-Cholinergics | These ANS drugs are organ specific and may suppress or stimulate parasympathetic nervous system. -Detrol, Bentyl |
| Adrenergic Drugs | These ANS drugs stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. -Dopamine, Epinephrine, Albuterol |
| Adrenergic Blockers | These ANS drugs block the action of the sympathetic nervous system specific to the target organ. -Minipress, Flomax, Coreg |
| Beta Blockers | These CV drugs affect the beta receptors of the heart, bronchi, blood vessels, and the uterus. They lower blood pressure and cardiac output. They are used to treat angina, HBP, anxiety. -Toprol, Coreg, Lopressor |
| Calcium Channel Blocker | These CV drugs block calcium from smooth and cardiac muscle tissue. The result is vasodilation and efficient cardiac function. Used for long-term hypertension and angina. -Norvasc, Plendil, Verapamil |
| ACE Inhibitors: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors | These CV drugs work by limiting enzymatic action between kidney and blood pressure. They promote excretion of sodium and water. They are used to control HBP and CHF. -Lotensin, Monopril, Accupril, Altace, Zestril |
| Digitalis | These CV drugs increase the force of the heartbeat by boosting calcium in the cardiac muscle cells. Use to treat arrhythmia and hear failure. -Digitek, Lanoxicaps |
| Antilipemic Drugs | These cholesterol lowering drugs work by sequestering bile or by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis. Used to lower LDL: Low Density Lipoprotein. -Zocor, Lipitor, Crestor, Niaspan |
| Diuretics | These drugs prevent sodium from being reabsorbed by the kidneys. -Lasix, Bumex, Hydrochlorothiazide |
| Antiangina Medication | These cardiac drugs reduce myocardial oxygen demand or they increase the supply of oxygen to the heart. These cause vasodilation leading to decreased load on the heart. -Apo-ISDN, Tansdern-Nitro, Nitroglycerine |
| Commonly Used Cancer Drugs | Cytoxan, Cisplatin, Methotrexate, Tamofen, Teslac, Interleukin-2, Interferon are all used in the treatment of cancer. |
| Anticoagulants | Injectable and oral clot management drugs alter the formation of clotting factors in the liver to prevent the formation of new clots. THEY DO NOT HELP DISSOLVE EXISTING CLOTS. -Heparin, Coumadin |
| Antiplatelet Drugs | These drugs prevent platelets from clumping at the site where a clot might otherwise form. -Plavix, Aspirin |
| Insulin | This family of drugs replace protein based hormone to reduce blood glucose by helping to deliver glucose to cells that need fuel. -Humulin, Humalog, Novolog, Novolin |
| Oral Glucose Management Drugs | These drugs work to inhibit the production of sugar in the liver and to improve the output of insulin in the pancreas and the sensitivity of insulin receptors. -Glucophage, Precose |
| Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants | These CNS drugs work to suppress reflexes that would tighten muscles in response to stretching or damage. They are used to treat acute spasms and anxiety. -Flexeril, Norflex, Zanaflex, Soma |
| Peripherally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants | This drug works to reduce calcium release at the sarcoplasmic reticulum leading to weaker contractions. Used to treat chronic spasms. -Dantrium |
| Lexothyroxine Sodium | This synthetic hormone mimics the action of naturally occurring thyroid hormones to boost protein synthesis in cells and promote the use of glycogen stores. -Synthroid, Levo-T, Levoxyl |
Created by:
ksloan@broadview
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