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Psy 100 Test 2
Psy 100 Chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cognition = Important because | thought One of the 5 schools of thought Our human evolutionary niche |
| âConceptâ Formation (Two Types) | - the tendency that humans have to try to figure out the world by grouping things together that seem similar Logical Concepts/ Natural Concepts |
| Logical Concepts | "Black and White" - Has a core property - One Characteristic required to be in that "concept" Ex. Thief - (steal things) |
| Natural Concepts | "Shades of Grey" - No Core Property - So willjudge items by fitting or not by compairing them to a new prototype. Ex. Sports, basketball is the prototype and bowling would be the new Item. |
| Logical Reasoning From.. | Drawing conclusions from 1.Incomplete Information 2.Thinking about it 3.Come up with a fact not given |
| Deductive Logic | Slower, but more likely to give right answer Many to One. EX.Most common color wall in lanigan? Checks MANY classroom wall colors |
| Inductive Logic | Fast but LESS likely to be accurate EX. Only looking at one classroom to find the color for all |
| Forms Of Deductive Logic | 1. Trial and Error (Try EVERY possible Solution) - Ryan is in a restraunt in oswego - Look in every restaurant in oswego 2. Algorithm- a "formula" - always gives right answer if followed correctly |
| Forms Of Inductive Logic | 1. Case study - (Phineas Gage) 2. Heuristics - "Mental Shortcuts" Ex. Asked whats best brand and you say nike because its advertised a lot 3. Similarity Heuristic x and y 4. Anchoring + Adjustment Heuristic |
| 3 Mental Roadblocks to problem solving | 1. Confirmation Bias 2. Oversight Bias 3. Framing |
| Confirmation Bias | Tendency to seek out, remember, and believe something as true evidence if it supports your belief |
| Oversight Bias | Tendency to ignore, forget, or disbelieve evidence that disputes your belief |
| Framing | To present information or a question in such a way as to lead the person to one answer rather than another |
| Some experts see intelligence as 2 things: | Aptitude - Natural ability to learn and Achievement - Knowledge/skill gained through experience |
| Some experts see intelligence as only 1 thing | Aptitude - Natural ability to learn |
| Intelligence Test - Aptitude Test | Placement test - Taken before common experience (college) to predict performance (GPA) |
| Intelligence Test - Achievement | Taken after common experience to measure knowledge/skill learned |
| Alfred Binet | Invented first intelligence test to identify "Special Needs" Students |
| William Stern | Invented original I.Q Scale No good for adults because logical ability increases |
| David Wechsler | Switched I.Q to Standard Deviation to measure adults |
| Characteristics Of a "Good" test | 1.Valid 2.Reliable- Consistent over time 3.Standardized- Same questions/same conditions 4.High validity Coefficient- Trusted measurment |
| Newer theories about intelligence Charles Spearman | "g"=General intelligence (aptitude/smart) "S"= Specific intelligence skills (Math/reasoning) |
| Howard Gardner Theory of Multiple Intelligence (8) | 1.Verbal-read/writing 2.Logical-math 3.Music- composing 4.Body-Kinesthetic- Sports 5.Visual-Spatial- Remember pictures/artist 6.Antrapersonal- intrapersonal, knoing of strengths 7.Interpersonal-likeable 8.Naturalistic-Understand Nature |
| Which of the Theory of Multiple Intelligence (8) are considered "School Thoughts"? | 1.Verbal-read/writing 2.Logical-math |
| Nature Debate | 50% - 70% University of Minnesota Twin Study & Adoption studies Kids closer to their parents have highs IQ's |
| Nurture Debate | 25% - 50% 1.Flynn Effect- Worldwide IGs are rising to fast to be explained by "Nature" (evolution) 2. Racial and Gender gaps are shrinking too fast to be evolution/nature |
Created by:
rpm02044
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