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Science - Genes

TermDefinition
Chromosome A thread like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Karyotype The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species
Amino Acid Sequence The order of which amino acid residues, connected by peptide bonds, lie in the chain in peptides and proteins
Genotype The genetic constitution of an individual organism
Phenotype The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment
Genetic Mutation Permanent alteration in the DNA sequence makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in most people. Mutations range in size.
Mitosis A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.
Meiosis A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the in the production of gametes and plant spores.
Dominant An allele can be recessive or dominant
Recessive Only shows if the individual has two copies of the recessive allele - eg. allele from blue eyes is recessive
Co - Dominant When two alleles for a trait are equally expressed with neither being recessive or dominant
Alleles Forms of genes
Punnet Square Diagram used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
Monophybrid Cross Mating between two individuals who have different alleles
Autosomal One of several ways a trait, disorder or diseased can be passed down though families
Mendelian Ratios Ratio of occurrence of various phenotypes
Polygenic Inheritance Form of inheritance in which a particular trait is produced by the interaction of many genes.
Created by: carhel
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