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Gilded Age
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Garfield | The president who wanted to reform politics and who was assassinated over the issue |
| WEB DuBois | African American who called for equal rights for African Americans |
| Ellis Island | The place where European immigrants arrived in the US |
| Angel Island | The place where most Asian immigrants arrived in the US |
| pool | secret arrangement between company leaders to keep prices low |
| trust | a company that doesn’t make a product, but which owns the stock of multiple companies who makes products |
| corporation | a business made up of many people but treated as one person by law; it can sell stock to stockholders. |
| Captains of Industry | Entrepreneurs or business leaders, risk takers, ingenious business men who helped grow the American economy |
| Great Railroad Strike of 1877 | first nationwide labor protest; President Hayes sent troops in after railroad tracks were ripped up. |
| Pendleton Civil Service Act | The reform act which ended the spoils system and began the use of the merit system in choosing government employees |
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act | Act of the government passed in 1890 with the goal of breaking up monopolies & opening up competition in the market. |
| Garfield | The president who wanted to reform politics and who was assassinated over the issue instead was |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire | The disaster which led to the creation of new building and fire codes as well as workman’s compensation laws |
| Eugene Debs | Socialist leader, labor union organizer of the Haymarket Riot outside of Chicago. |
| Opened Hull House in Chicago | The most famous of the settlement houses of the gilded age. |
| Tammany Hall | NYC’s most infamous political machine. |
| Ida Wells Barnett | African American who spoke out against lynching |
| WEB DuBois | African American who called for equal rights for African Americans |
| Children’s Bureau | Government agency formed to enforce child labor laws |
| Thomas Nast | Famous cartoonist, noted for bringing down Boss Tweed |
| Robber Barons | Name Gilded Age entrepreneurs were often called because of the way they used unfair business practices and forced others out of business. |
| Boss Tweed | Corrupt leader of Tammany Hall |
| Laissez-Faire | Type of economy in which the government leaves industry alone in order to grow businesses |
| Monopoly | When a business has almost total control of the marketplace and does not allow competition |
| vertical integration | when a company purchases companies at all levels of production when making a product. Like when Swift purchased the cattle, refrigerated railroad cars, all the way to the meat packing plant |
| Steel | The invention was most influential in building the modern, vertical, city |
| Knights of Labor | The first nationwide industrial union |
| Big Business | Group who would have used injunctions, scabs and lockouts when handling a labor disputes |
| Streetcar | The streets clogged with people, horse drawn trolleys and animals in the 19th century that it could sometimes take an hour to walk a few yards. Pedestrians were killed in the street due to all the traffic. This invention was created to solve this problem |
| Old Immigrants | They came from Western European countries like Ireland |
| New Immigrants | They came from Eastern European countries like Italy, Russia & Poland |
| Political Machine | A strong political party which offered jobs & places to live to immigrants in exchange for their vote |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | An effect of nativism (or hatred of immigrants) that developed in the late 1800s |
| secret ballot | Solution to stop corruption of the political machines at the city and state level |
| Public library | the “poor man’s university” during the gilded age |
| Industrialization | Shift from an agriculture economy to manufacturing on a large scale; from people to machine |
| Urbanization | Huge population boom in the cities |
| Social Darwinism | Idea that used Darwin’s theory of evolution to justify the extreme wealth of the entrepreneurs- belief in “survival of the fittest.” |
| Rags to riches | Belief that no matter your beginnings you can make a better life & rise up in society if you work hard |
| Horatio Alger | author of “rags to riches” stories |
| Gospel of Wealth | Andrew Carnegie’s theory that a person should be allowed to make as much as possible but pass much of it on to worthy causes |
| Credit Moblier | Name of the 1872 railroad scandal in which it was found that some Union Pacific stockholders were swindling the government to make a profit |
| George Eastman | Inventor of the Camera |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Inventor of the Telephone |
| George Pullman | Inventor of the Sleeping Car |
| Thaddeus Lowe | Inventor of the Ice Machine |
| Wright Brothers | First in Flight |
| Elisa Otis | Inventor of the Elevator |
| Thomas Alva Edison | Inventor of the electric light bulb |
| James B. Duke | The tobacco industry entrepreneur |
| JP Morgan | Banker who incorporated US Steel |
| John D. Rockefeller | The oil industry entrepreneur |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | Railroad industry entrepreneur |
| Gustavus Swift | meatpacking industry entrepreneur |
| Andrew Carnegie | steel industry entrepreneur |
| AT&T | what the companies formed by Alexander Graham Bell are today called |
| General Electric | what the companies formed by Thomas Edison are today called |
| YMCA and Salvation Army | 2 Christian groups that formed in the US in the late 1800s to help the poor |
| Violent Strikes | why many Americans disliked labor unions during the Gilded Age business, when the labor unions & business clashed, it was the side the government always took. |
| George Eastman | Inventor of the Camera |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Inventor of the Telephone |
| George Pullman | Inventor of the Sleeping Car |
| Thaddeus Lowe | Inventor of the Ice Machine (early refrigerator) |
| Elisa Otis | Inventor of the Elevator |
| Thomas Alva Edison | Inventor of the electric light bulb |
| James B. Duke | The tobacco industry entrepreneur |
| JP Morgan | Banker who incorporated US Steel |
| John D. Rockefeller | The oil industry entrepreneur |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | The Railroad industry entrepreneur |
| Gustavus Swift | The meatpacking industry entrepreneur |
| Carnegie | Copied the Bessemer process to make cheap steel & begin the US steel industry |
| Pittsburgh | the city were Carnegie established his steel plant |
| Wages | the goal of the members of labor unions in the Gilded Age was higher _______ |
| injunction | court order forcing strikers back to work |
| scab | a non-union worker brought in when workers were on strike |
| business | when labor unions and business clashed, the side the government always supported. |
Created by:
sarahosmond
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