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Hematopoiesis/Lymph
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the term for a reduction in the oxygen-transporting capacity of the blood, usually due to reduction of circulating RBC? | Anemia |
| Anemias are classified according to what? | Morphology of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) |
| Mean corpuscular volume | MCV (vol/RBC) |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin | MCH (Hb/RBC) |
| MCH concentration | Mean corpuscular Hb concentration (Hb/vol), MCH/MCV. |
| Inc MCV, Inc MHV & normal MCH | Macrocytic |
| Normal MCV, MHV & MCH conc | Normocytic |
| Dec MCV, Dec MHV & normal MCH conc | Simple Microcytic |
| Dec MCV, Dec MCH & Dec MCH conc | Hypochromic Microcytic |
| What are the clinical presentation of Anemia? (3) | Pallor, fatigue & lassitude |
| What is the term for Anemias that are associated with decreased RBC Life Span? | Hemolytic Anemia |
| What is the normal RBC life span? | 120 days |
| Name the two types of Hemolytic Anemia and their differences. | Intracorpuscular Hemolytic Anemia (inherited) & Extracorpuscular Hemolytic Anemia (Acquired) |
| Hemolytic Anemia can produce what 3 types of increases? | Increased Hematopoiesis, Increased Phagocytocis & Increased iron in blood and tissue. |
| What 3 organs are affected with increased Hematopoiesis and their names? | Liver (Hepatomegaly), Spleen (Spleenomegaly) & Marrow enlargements. |
| Increased peripheral circulation of immature RBCs. | Reticulocytosis |
| 2 common location for removal of RBC. | Liver and Spleen by Macrophage |
| What happens to iron released into the blood? | Converted into Bilirubin in the blood, altered into Conjugate Bilirubin in the liver, and excreted through the Bile in feces. |
| Excess Bilirubin deposited in tissue is converted by _____ and the term is called _______. | Hemosiderin. Termed: Hemosiderosis or Hemochromatosis. |
| Name the 4 types of hereditary (Intracorpuscular) Hemolytic Anemia | 1. Hereditary Spherocytosis 2. Sickle Cell Anemia 3. Thalassemia 4. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G6PD Deficiency) |
| What is the inherited Hemolytic Anemia characterized by Normal RBC but spheroidal in shape, less deformable & vulnerable to splenic destruction? | Hereditary Spherocytosis |
| Lysing of RBCs in the SPLEEN due to Hereditary Spherocytosis can result in what extreme condition? | Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen) |
| What is the term for the surgical removal of the spleen? | Splenectomy |
| What is the inherited Hemolytic Anemia characterized by the replacement of normal Hb-A by abnormal Hb-S. | Sickle Cell Anemia |
| What is the gene expression for Sickle Cell Anemia? | Codominance |
| Term for Sickle Cell Anemia where all Hb-A is converted to Hb-S? (Homozygous) | Sickle Cell Disease |
| Term for Sickle Cell Anemia where some of the Hb-A is converted to Hb-S? (Heterozygous, 40%) | Sickle Cell Trait |
| Under what condition does the RBC sickle in Sickle Cell Disease? | Normal Oxygen Tension |
| Under what condition does the RBC sickle in Sickle Cell Trait? | Low Oxygen Tension |
| What are the 3 common factors that influence the sickling of RBCs? | 1. Hemoglobin other than Hb-A 2. MCH conc per cell 3. Low oxygen |
| Term for shrunken, fibrotic spleen with resultant loss of function? (usually due to lysed RBC accumulation in the spleen from Hemolytic Anemia) | Autosplenectomy |
| What is the lifespan of Sickled RBCs? | 20 days |
| What is the anemic classification (morphology) of Sickle Cell Anemia? | Normocytic Hemolytic Anemia |
| Term for Sudden pain in the abdomen, chest and joins due to sickle cell anemia? | Sickle Cell Crisis |
| Term for necrosis of the marrow that lead to a fat emboli that causes Pulmonary ischemia and inflammation? | Acute Chest Syndrome |
| What are the two leading causes of ischemic-related deaths in patients with sickle cell anemia? | Acute Chest Syndrome and Stroke |
| Term for film findings (in bone) with individuals with active hematopoiesis (RBC production). | Hair-on-end skull film |
| What is the name of the Hemolytic Anemia characterized by insufficient synthesis of alpha or beta globin chains? | Thalassemia |
| This autosomal codominant disorder secondary to one of 90 DNA MUTATION that affect beta chains, and common among Mediterranean, African and Asian population. | Beta-Thalassemia |
| What are the two forms of Beta-thalassemia and their gene expression? | Thalassemia Minor (Heterozygous) & Thalassemia Major (Homozygous) |
| What is the Thalassemia that results form GENE Deletion? | Alpha-Thalassemia |
| What is the unique characteristic of Alpha-Thalassemia? | Excess accumulation of intracellular alpha chains forms insoluable Aggregates. |
| RBCs with excess aggregates often "removed" by macrophage that result in what type of cells? | Bite Cells |
| How many possible deletion are there that produce Alpha-thalassemia? | Four 1. Carrier state 2/3 Alpha thalassemia 4. lethal in utero. |
| Term for developing RBCs in the marrow that die by apoptosis? | Ineffective Erythropoiesis |
| What is the anemic classification (morphology) of Homozygous development of Hb-F rather than Hb-A? | Hypochromic Microcytic Anemia |
| What is the inherited Hemolytic Anemia characterized by RBC being vulnerable to oxidents? | Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD Deficiency) |
| Term for inclusions formed by RBC's exposed to oxidents, denaturing the hemoglobin. (typically Normal in size, bite cells seen in smears) | Heinz bodies |
| Type of RBC most affected by G6PD deficiency. | Older cells. |
| Name the 3 causes of Acquired (Extracorpuscular) Hemolytic Anemia. | 1. Erythroblastosis Fetalis 2. Mechanical Trauma 3. Malaria |
| Name of the Hemolytic disease of the Newborn (mother antibodies attacking babies RBC) | Erythroblastosis Fetalis |
| Name the 2 common types of Mechanical Trauma | 1. Traumatic Hemolytic Anemia 2. Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia |
| Clinically significant hemolysis of RBC by mechanical damage by artificial cardiac valve that produce abnormal shear stress from alteration of blood flow. | Traumatic Hemolytic Anemia |
| Narrowing or obstruction of vasculature that damage RBC. | Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia |
| Peripheral smear of fragmented RBCs (3) | Burr cells, Helmet cells, & Triangle Cells |
| Acquired (Extracorpuscular) Hemolytic Anemia due to organism that invade liver cells and enter RBCs, causing them to Lyse. | Malaria |
| What is the protozoa responsible for malaria? | Plasmodium Falciparum |
| What is the term for hemoglobinuria due to hemolysis from Malaria? | Blackwater Fever |
| 3 types of Anemia due to Decreased RBC production (Diminished Erythropoiesis) | 1. Nutritional Anemia 2. Aplastic Anemia 3. Myelophthisic Anemia |
| 4 types of Nutritional Anemia | 1. Iron Deficiency Anemia 2. Anemia of Chronic Disease 3. Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia 4. Vit B12 Deficiency Anemia |
| Most prevalent type of Nutritional Anemia and seen predominantly in women in reproductive years. (also seen in adolescent, alcoholics, and elderly) | Iron Deficiency Anemia |
| Most iron is obtained in what form? | Heme of animal products |
| What is the anemic classification (morphology) of Iron Deficiency Anemia? | Hyprochromic Microcytic Anemia |
| What are the clinical manifestation of Iron Deficiency Anemia? | Weakness, Listlessness and Pallor |
| Term for compunction to consume dirt or clay seen in individuals with severe Iron deficiency. | Pica |
| Due to Pica, this may occur which consist of atrophic glossitis, dysphagia, and esophageal web with increased frequency of oral and esophageal carcinoma. | Plummer Vinson Syndrome |
| What is the anemic classification (morphology) of Anemia of Chronic Disease? | Normocytic Normochromic or Microcytic Hypochromic |
| Anemia of Chronic Disease may arise from what 3 causes? | 1. Chronic Infection 2. Chronic Immune Disorders 3. Neoplasms |
| What is the Nutritional Anemia caused by a lack of folate? | Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia |
| What is the anemic classification (morphology) of Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia? | Megaloblastic Macrocytic Anemia |
| How does Folic Acid deficiency contribute to Megaloblastic Macrocytic Anemia? | Folic Acid is required for DNA synthesis, deficiency will lead to arrest of development leading to Megaloblastic Macrocytic RBCs. |
| What is the Nutrition Anemia characterized by inadequate intake or malabsorption of Vit. B12? | Vit B12 Deficiency Anemia |
| What is the difference between Folic Acid and Vit B12 Deficiency? | Vit B12 produced neurological abnormalities, of which the most important is demyelination of the spinal cord. |
| Because dietary lack is rare most examples of Vit B12 Deficiency anemia are? | Pernicious Anemia |
| Pernicious Anemia Characteristic | Autoimmune disease against Parietal cells & Intrinsic factors leading to malabsorption of Vit B12. |
| What type of factor is Vit B12 considered to be? | Extrinsic factor |
| What is the diagnostic test for malabsorption of Vit B12? | Schilling Test |
| What Diminished Erythropoiesis is characterized by suppression of multipotent myeloid stem cells, with resultant anemia, thrombocytopenia, & neutropenia? | Aplastic Anemia |
| What is the anemic classification (morphology) of Aplastic Anemia? | Normocytic Normochromic |
| What is the term for depression of all cell lines? | Pancytopenia |
| Marrow depression of RBC | Red Cell Aplasia |
| Marrow depression of Granulocytes | Agranulocytosis |
| Marrow depression of Megakaryocytes (platelet suppression) | Thrombocytopenia |
| What Diminished Erythropoiesis is characterized by marrow failure secondary to extensive replacement of marrow by TUMOR or other Lesions? | Myelophthisic Anemia |
| Name 4 origination of metastatic cancer leading to Myelophthisic Anemia | Breast, Lung, Prostate, & Thyroid |
| What is the term for increased concentration of Red Blood cells? | Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis) |
| Term for decreased plasma volume leading to higher RBCs. | Relative Polycythemia |
| Increase in RBCs without decrease in plasma volume | Absolute Polycythemia |
| Absolute Polycythemia may result from primary Neoplastic proliferation of myeloid cells, what is this called? | Polycythemia Vera |
| Name the 2 Disorders associated with White Blood Cells (WBC) | NonNeoplastic Disorder & Neoplastic Disorder |
| Name 3 types of NonNeoplastic Disorders | 1. Leukopenia 2. Reactive Leukocytosis 3. Reactive Lymphadenitis |
| Decrease in number of circulating WBC | Leukopenia |
| Decrease in number of circulating Neutrophils, typically associated with Leukopenia | Neutropenia |
| Severe Neutropenia can result in reduction of granulocytes | Agranulocytosis (aka Agranulocytic Angina) |
| Manifestation by sudden rise of fever, dysphagia, chills, and malaise are characteristics of what? | Agranulocytic Angina |
| What is the treatment of Agranulocytosis? | Administration of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) |
| Term for NonNeoplastic Disorder of increased WBC that occurs due to Inflammation as a result of infection. | Reactive Leukocytosis |
| What is the term for a Reactive Leukocytosis that is due to a virus, typically transferred through contact with a nick name of "Kissing Disease"? What's the name of that virus? | Infectious Mononucleosis. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) |
| Term for Proliferation of atypical lymphocytes that flood the blood due to Infectious Mononucleosis. | Lymphadenopathy |
| Name the clinical characteristics of Lymphadenopathy | Enlarged tonsils, oropharyngeal lymph tissue, spleen, liver, and brain cells. |
| What is the diagnostic Test for Infectious Mononucleosis that demonstrate Antibodies against EBV? | Monospot |
| Term for NonNeoplastic Disorder characterized by INFECTION and NONmicrobial inflammatory stimuli that causes increased lymphocytes in the blood (lymphocytosis) and enlarged Lymph nodes. | Reactive Lymphadenitis |
| 3 patterns of chronic Reactive Lymphadenitis | 1. Follicular hyperplasia 2. Paracortical hyperplasia 3. Sinus Histiocytosis |
| This term implies the activation of B-lymphocytes (autoimmune caused like Rheumatoid Arthritis, Toxoplasmosis, HIV infection) | Follicular hyperplasia |
| This term implies the activation of T-lymphocytes (triggered by antigen like viruses or drug induced) | Paracortical hyperplasia |
| This term implies Hypertrophy of Sinus lining endothelial cells and infiltration of histiocytes (lymph node draining cancer & immune response to tumor) | Sinus Histiocytosis |
| Important infection that results in Reactive Lymphadenitis, 90% younger than 18 yrs, initiated by a cat or splinter/thorn puncture causes this disease. What is the name of the bacteria that causes this? | Cat Scratch Disease. Bartonella Henselae |
| Clinical manifestation of Cat Scratch Disease | Inflammatory skin lesion and lymph node enlargement |
| Neoplastic Disorders are divided into 3 broad categories | 1. Lymphoid Neoplasm 2. Myeloid Neoplasm 3. Histiocytic Neoplasm |
| 4 main Lymphoid Neoplasm | Hodgkin Lymphoma, NonHodgkin Lymphoma, Lyphocytic Leukemia, Plasma Cell Dyscrasias |
| 3 types of Lymphoid Neoplasm based on Origin (tissue) | Lymphoma (Hodgkin & non-Hodgkin), Leukemia & Plasma Cells Dyscrasias |
| Neoplasm that typically originate from Lymph nodes or other Organs | Lymphoma (Hodgkin & non-Hodgkin) |
| Neoplasm that originate from Bone that spread to circulating blood | Leukemia |
| Neoplasm that originate form Immunoglobulin-secreting Plasma Cells, this can also arise from bone. | Plasma Cell Cyscrasias |
| Term for Lymphoma that form tumor Nodules (originates in germinal centers, found in 40% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma) | Follicular Lymphoma |
| Term for Lymphoma that proliferates in Sheets | Diffuse Lymphoma |
| Immature lymphocytes, typically B or T cells | Lymphoblasts (lymphoblastic) |
| Referring to AGGRESSIVE TUMOR of IMMATURE B or T - cells that occurs predominantly in children and young adults. | Lymphoblastic Lymphoma & Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma) |
| Lymphoma typically arising from marrow that's is aggressive in nature. | Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia [ALL] ( Acute = rapid/aggressive, Lymphoblastic = B/T cells in nature, Leukemia = marrow of origin) |
| This resembles ALL but arises from Myeloblast, not B or T cells, from bone marrow. | Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia [AML] ( Acute = rapid/aggressive, Myeloblastic = myeloid cells, Leukemia = marrow in origin) |
| ALL and AML, no matter the origin will produce what type of cell? What do they do? | Produce Immature Cells. They FILL the marrow and SUPPRESS hematopoietic stem cells. |
| Clinical Characteristics of Acute Leukemia (ALL & AML) (5) | 1. Abrupt onset of symptoms 2. Symptoms Related to Marrow Suppression 3. Pain/tenderness in Bone 4. ENLARGEMENT (lymph, spleen, liver) 5. CNS symptoms |
| Typical WBC count in patients with ALL & AML. | High WBC count (>100K) |
| What specific and important cell type are in ALL & AML? What is the term when these are found in peripheral blood and flooded in marrow? | Blasts (immature cells). Aleukemic Leukemia. |
| Which Acute Leukemia has the best prognosis for children 2-10 yrs old (80% curable)? | Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) [think: lymphoBlasTic = B for B cell, T for T cell) |
| What is the term for Neoplastic Mature B-cells? | Lymphocytic [think: lymphoCYTIC = CYTIC for Mature B-cell] |
| Terms for Neoplastic Mature B-cells that originate in Bone and Lymph (2) | Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (SLL) & Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (CLL) |
| SLL & CLL only differ what peripheral blood involvement? | SLL - without circulating Mature B-cell. CLL - large number of circulating Mature B-cell |
| Term for patients who develop antibodies for native RBC | Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (note: this should be included in the hemolytic anemia category but was only mentioned once in the WBC category) |
| This type of Lymphoma represents a group of Large B-cell tumors that present with diffuse growth pattern and aggressiveness, found in 50% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. | Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma |
| This lymphoma is a unique B-cell Neoplasm that demonstrate distinct histopathologic (specific tissue characteristic) and clinical features linked specifically to EBV. | Burkitt Lymphoma |
| The Histopathology of Burkitt Lymphoma demonstrates a High MITOTIC rate and SHEETS of lymphocytes mixed with benign Histiocytes, what is this term? | Starry Sky |
| Burkitt Lymphoma is commonly referred to as ____ due to neoplasm presenting as large Osteolytic lesion in the maxilla or mandible. (common in Africa) | African Jaw Disease |
| Group of B-cell neoplasm that form a single clone of immunoglobulin-secreting cells resulting in increase of single immunoglobulin in the serum. (15% death, typically middle age-elderly) | Plasma Cell Dyscrasias |
| 2 types of Plasma Cell Dyscrasias | Multiple Myeloma & Plasmacytoma |
| Most common type of Plasma Cell Dyscrasias, malignant proliferation of a Single Clone of Plasma Cell. | Multiple Myeloma |
| Multiple Myeloma excrete what two types of proteins? | Bence Jones Protein & Monoclonal Gammopathy |
| This Multiple Myeloma protein excretion is characterized by excess light chains. | Bence Jones Protein |
| This Multiple Myeloma protein excretion typically consist of IgG. | Monoclonal Gammopathy |
| What is the median age for diagnosing Multiple Myeloma? | 70 yrs old. |
| 5 Major clinical presentation of Multiple Myeloma | 1. Bone pain & hypercalcemia 2. Recurrent Bacterial Infection 3. Renal Insufficiency 4. Amyloidosis (inappropriately folded proteins) 5. Hyperviscosity Syndrome (excess protein in blood) |
| This Plasma Cell Dyscrasias refers to a single monoclonal plasma cells proliferating in the skeleton or soft tissue. | Plasmacytoma |
| What cells distinguishes Hodgkin Lymphoma from other lymphomas? | Reed-Sternberg Cells (R-S cells) |
| Term for Altered R-S cells demonstrating abundant, pale-staining Cytoplasm | Lacunar Cells |
| Term for Altered R-S cells that exhibit Multilobed, Puffy nuclei. | Popcorn Cells |
| Clinical characteristics of Hodgkin Lymphoma | Weight loss, weakness, fever, night sweats, pruritus (itching) and anemia. |
| 2 tumors that involve peripheral CD4+ T-cells of the SKIN | Mycosis Fungoides & Sezary Syndrome |
| Skin lesions begins as plaques that enlarge into nodules and with progression often spreading to lymph nodes and viscera. | Mycosis Fungoides |
| Generalized Exfoliative Erythroderma with Leukemic involvement, survival rate of 1-3 yrs. | Sezary Syndrome |
| This is a Neoplastic Disorder that arises from Hematopoietic stem cells that proliferate and replace normal bone marrow. | Myeloid Neoplasm |
| 3 major categories of Myeloid Neoplasm | 1. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) 2. Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders 3. Myelodyplastic Syndrome (not discussed) |
| AML is a malignancy of immature myeloid cells (myeloblasts), with a Characteristic Tumor-like mass | Granulocytic Sarcoma (Chloroma) |
| With AML alone, "good risk" patients has a __% long term disease free survival. AML with other risks involved has a __% long term disease free survival. | 50% & 15-30% |
| Disorder that arises from Multipotent Myeloid stem cells | Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorder |
| 4 types of Myeloproliferative Disorder | 1. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia 2. Polycythemia Vera 3. Primary Myelofibrosis 4. Essential Thrombocytopenia |
| This type of Myeloproliferative disorder is thought to be neoplasm of Megakarycytes that releases Fibroblastic Growth factor resulting in diffuse fibrosis in marrow spaces. | Primary Myelofibrosis |
| Leukemia of marrow stem cells in which Granulocytic precursors predominate (neutrophils, eosinophils, and/or basophils) | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia |
| Infection of Healthy Patients may trigger a similar pattern of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia but this is not cancer-related mutated genes. | Leukemoid Reaction |
| The accelerated phase of Leukemia will transform WBC to immature cells and become less responsive to therapy. This presentation resemble AML and is termed what? | Blast (immature cells) Crisis |
| Term for Leukemia of marrow stem cells in which Erythroid Precursors Doinate (Characteristic: Myeloid cells, Absolute Polycythemia, increase in RBC production, Neoplastic) | Polycythemia Vera (refer to Polycythemia Section) |
| Term for Histiocytic Neoplasm are often mixed with Eosinophils, nicknamed Eosinophilic Granuloma, often presenting with 3 distinct pattern. | Langerhans Cell Histiocytocis (Histiocytosis X) |
| Langerhan Cells under electron microscopy (EM) is identified by a tennis racket-like cytoplasmic inclusion. | Birbeck Granule |
| 3 distinct pattern of Langerhans Cell Histiocytocis (Hystiocytosis X) | 1. Acute Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Letterer-Siwe Disease) 2. Chronic Multifocal Langerhand Cell Histiocytosis (Hand-Schuller-Christian Disease) 3. Unifocal Langerhands Histiocytosis (Eosinophilic Granuloma) |
| This Langerhan cell histiocytosis typically occurs before 2 yrs of age, widespread skin lesion, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, lung lesions, and osteolytic bone lesions (50% survival after 5 yrs from chemotherapy) | Latterer-Siwe Disease |
| This Langerhan cells histiocytosis usually affects children involving skull, ribs, and femur, 50% involve pituitary gland leading to diabetes and Exophthalmos (eye bulging). | Hand-Schuller-Christian Disease |
| The combination of skull, lesions, diabetes & Exophthalmos is termed... | Hand-Schuller-Christian Triad |
| This Langerhan cells histiocytosis presents as a unifocal bone lesion, may or may not be symptomatic or cause pain and tenderness. | Eosinophilic Granuloma |
| Name the 4 types of Bleeding Disorders | 1. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation 2. Thrombocytopenia 3. Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) 4. Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia |
| Name the 5 Diagnostic tests for Bleeding Disorders | 1. Bleeding Time 2. Platelet Count 3. Coagulation Time 4. Prothrombin Time (PT) 5. Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) |
| Represents the time for standardized skin puncture to stop bleeding, this is a Clinical test of platelet function. | Bleeding Time |
| A Laboratory Test to detect quantitative deficiency in platelets | Platelet Count |
| Measurement of the time it takes for whole blood to clot when placed in a glass test tube, Clinical Test of intrinsic system. | Coagulation time |
| A Laboratory Test that measure the time for blood to clot in the presence of Thromboplastin, functions of extrinsic and common coagulation pathway. | Prothrombin time (PT) |
| A Laboratory Test that measures the time for blood to clot upon activation of factor XII, tests the function of intrinsic and common coagulation pathway. | Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT) |
| This Bleeding Disorder is characterized by activation of coagulation system with formation of thrombi throughout the microcirculation. | Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) |
| Term for widespread thrombosis with secondary consumption of platelets and coagulation factors and activation of fibrinolytic system. | Consumption Coagulopathy |
| This Bleeding Disorder exhibits a Decreased Platelet, leading to prolong bleeding time with normal coagulation time, PT and PTT (platelet count below 150K), spontaneous bleeding may occur below 20K. | Thrombocytopenia |
| This Bleeding Disorder is also called Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura, arising from development of Antiplatelet Immunoglobulins secondary to SLE or Lymphoma. | Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) |
| This Bleeding Disorder is due to prolonged use of unfractionated heparin leading to development of antiplatelet antibodies, leads to widespread thrombosis. | Heparin-induced Thrombocytopenia |
| Name the 3 types of Coagulation Disorders | 1. von Willebrand Disease 2. Factor VIII Deficiency 3. Factor IX Deficiency |
| Autosomal Dominant disorder characterized by reduced levels of von Willebrand Factor, also used to stabilize Factor VIII. This disorder results in increased coagulation time. | von Willebrand Disease |
| X-linked recessive disorder that results in reduced amounts or activity of Factor VIII, most common hereditary Bleeding Disorder. | Factor VIII Deficiency |
| What is another name for Factor VIII Deficiency? | Classic Hemophilia - Hemophilia A |
| This Bleeding Disorder is similar to Classic Hemophilia excep the deficiency is Factor IX rather than Factor VIII. | Factor IX Deficiency |
| What is another name for Factor IX Deficiency? | Christmas Disease - Hemophilia B |
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