International organizations that operate outside of the formal political arena but that are nevertheless influential in spearheading international initiatives on social, economic, and environmental issues.
Micro credit
program that provides small loans to poor people, especially women, to encourage development of small businesses.
North American Free Trade agreement
Agreement entered into by Canada, Mexico, and the United States in December, 1992 and which took effect on January 1, 1994, to eliminate the barriers to trade in, and facilitate the cross-border movement of goods and services between the countries.
Island of development
Place built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure.
Dependency Theory
a structuralist theory that offers a critique of the modernization model of development. Based on the idea that certain types of political and economic relations esp. colonialism) b/t countries and regions of the world have created arrangements that both
industrial revolution
The term applied to the social and economic changes in agriculture, commerce and manufacturing that resulted from technological innovations and specialization in late-eighteenth0century Europe.
Least Cost Theory
model developed by Alferd Wever according to which the location of manufacturing establishments is determined by the minimization of three critical expenses: labor, transportation, and agglomeration.
Theocracy
A state whose government is under the control of a ruler who is deemed to be divinely guided, or of a group of religious leaders, as in post-Khomeini Iran. The opposite of a theocracy is a secular state.
Neo-colonialism
The seeking out of regional culture and reinvigoration of it in response to the uncertainty of the modern world.
Break of Bulk point
A location along a transport route where goods must be transferred from one carrier to another. In a port, the cargoes of oceangoing ships are unloaded and put on trains, trucks, or perhaps smaller riverboats for inland distribution.
Agglomeration
A process involving the clustering or concentrating of people or activities. The term often refers to manufacturing plants and businesses that benefit from close proximity because hey share skilled-labor pools and technological and financial amenities.
Deglomeration
The process of industrial deconcentration in response to technological advances and/or increasing cost due to congestion and competition.
Fordist
A highly organize and specialized system for organizing industrial production and labor. Named after automobile producer.
Post-fordist
World Economic system characterized by a more flexible set of production practices in which goods are not mass-produced; instead, production has been accelerated and dispersed around the globe by multinational companies that shift production, outsourcing
Just in time delivery
Method of inventory management made possible by efficient transportation and communication systems, whereby companies keep on hand just what they need for near-term production, planning that what they need for longer-term production will arrive when neede
Biology Lab Midterm
