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Content Exam #4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Franks | conquered most of Roman Gaul, good military, converted to Christianity=gain support of Church and christian pop, Carolingan dynasty, convinced Spanish muslims not to conquer more of western Europe |
| Charlemagne | (ruled 768-814) intelligent, expanded and centralized empire based on his personality, |
| Vikings | Originally a group from Vik who invaded Norway, later generally Norse mariners who invaded Western Europe, Mediterranean and Russia |
| feudalism | Political and social order of medieval Europe, feudal system, oversimplifies what actually happened |
| sacraments | holy rituals that bring spiritual blessings on the observants, seven sacraments (baptism, matrimoney, The Eucharist, penance) |
| Dominicans and Franciscans | thirteeth century devout friars who called people to repentance and fought materialism, begged for food |
| theme system | place and imperial province called a theme under the authority of general who answered to an emperor |
| Saljuq Turks | conquered Byzantine Anatolia and Abbasid Persia |
| reconquista | Reconquest of Spain |
| Urban II | Pope Urban II launched crusades in 1095 |
| Chinggis Khan | "universal ruler" brought the Mongol tribes together and broke them up |
| Khubilai Khan | one a Chinggis' grandsons, good at admin, promoted Buddhism, presided over Mongol empire at its height |
| Yuan dynasty | from 1279-1368, Khubilai Khan ruled Mongol and southern China |
| the Golden Horde | invaded Germany, Russia, Poland, and Hungary, steppes north of Black Sea |
| Ilkhanate of Persia | Hulegu, mongols in Persia, toppling Abbasid empire, had a hard time administrating large societies |
| Tamerlane | Turkish conqueror, walked with a limp, took over Persia when Ilkhanate collapsed |
| Ottoman Empire | Osman in 1299, conquered Balkan peninsula and Constantinople, taken over by Tamerlane, but then regained their empire, changed Constantinople to Istanbul |
| Karakorum | capital city of Mongolian empire |
| guilds | merchants and workers who join together to regulate production and sale of goods of within their common juristiction |
| Marco Polo | (1253-1324) Venetian, best know long distance traveler, story preserved through a fellow prisoner |
| bubonic plague | Black Death, caused a lot of death |
| Holy Roman Empire | 962 actually a regional state ruling Germany |
| state building | building regional states, local peoples come together to work the land and make the state run |
| Ming Dynasty | (1368-1644) After Mongols left, eliminated Mongol rule, Ruled by Emperor Hongwu, reestablished Confucianism, very central, relied on Mandarins and Eunuchs, cultural revival |
| Yongle | Hongwu's successor, compiled all Chinese significant works, Yongle Encyclopedia, showed interest in return to Chinese culture, organized expeditions |
| Zheng He | Eunuch Muslim admiral who lead expeditions to establish Chinese presence in Indian Ocean |
| Teotihuacan | built upon the Olmecs, influenced a lot, bloodletting, seems to be focused on priests and religious ritual |
| Andean Society | in Bolivia and Peru, beans peanuts and sweet potatoes, llamas, alpacas, cotton, canals, irrigation |
| Toltecs | high point 950-1150 BCE |
| Mexica | became the Aztecs, fought a lot, stole women and land |
| Aztec Empire | lots of trade, Mexica overtook Oaxaca, 12 million people subjected, |
| Mound-Building people | in Mississippi and Ohio River Valley, mostly hunter gatherers, declined in 13th century |
| Cahokia | capital of 3rd Moundbuilding Era, two of them, second one bigger |
| Incas | most centralized people, Andean, one of the largest empires ever |
| Battle of Tours/Poitiers | 732 where Charles Martel beat the Muslims out of his lands |
| Castellan | the person who has the real power over the knights in his area, answers to the count, |
| Charles Martel | Grandfather of Charlemagne, defeated Muslims out of his lands |
| Clovis | Big Germanic King who converted to Roman Catholicism, (first Louis) gave Roman Catholic church more power |
| Count | Charlemagne gives authority to Counts which position becomes hereditary |
| Fief | grant of land to a vassal from a lord, vassal gives loyalty and military service to lord |
| First world system economy | 1250 trade becomes more connected, equal participation from everyone, luxury goods, distributes risk, banks and financing |
| Ibn Battuta | North African Muslim traveller judge/lawyer who visited lots of places and help with Muslim law, didn't visit Europe |
| Jurchen and the Jin Empire | North China, speak altaic language (related to Korean and Japanese), fast ripening new rice + tea= higher population |
| Southernization | trade goods from the South spread to Mediterranian and West Europe = cotton, gold, spices, sugar, advances in mathematics, compass, starts Westernization |
Created by:
ksheehy96
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