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Anatomy ch. 6&7
anatomy ch. 6 & 7 notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functions of Osseous and Bone Structure (5) | 1. support (body) 2. protection (body) 3. storage: minerals and lipids (yellow bone marrow) 4. blood cell production: produced in red bone marrow 5. leverage: movement |
| Bone classifications: shapes (6) | 1. long bone: arms, legs 2. flat bone: sternum, ribs 3. sutural bone: skull 4. irregular bone: vertebrae, pelvis 5. shot bone: carpals, tarsals 6. sesamoid bone: patella |
| Spongy bone | (open network of bone) |
| medullary cavity | marrow cavity |
| epiphysis | ends |
| metaphysis | where epiphysis meets diaphysis |
| Diaphysis | shaft, main portion |
| 4 bones cells | 1. osteoprogenitor: maintain populations of osteoblast 2. osteoblast: cells that form bone 3. osteocytes: mature bone cells 4. osteoclast: helps in the maintenance of bone |
| Haversian canal system (10 terms) | 1. vein 2. artery 3. capillaries 4. venule 5. central canal 6. perforating canal 7. asteons 8. endosteum 9. periosteum 10. lamella |
| Endochondral Bone Formation | -cartilage: bone formation into hard bone -most of the body is composed of this type of bone formation |
| Intramembranous bone formation | membrane changing into bone: skull and mandible |
| Effects of exercise on Bone | -bones are adaptable -if muscles become more powerful then bumps and ridges become inlarges to withstand forces -regular exercise is therefore and important stimulus for maintaining normal bone structure -degenerative changes in teh skeleton occur afte |
| Bones of body divisions | axial skeleton: 80 bones appendicular: 126 total: 206 |
| Skull bones | cranial bones: 8, facial bones: 14 |
| Associated with skull bones | auditory: 6, hyoid: 1 |
| vertebral column | vertebrae: 26 |
| thoracic cage | sternum: 1, ribs: 24 |
| Skull: 22 bones | -cranial: 8 bones: (215, 216, 217) -frontal:1 (green) -occipital:1 foramen magnum (burnt orange in back) -parietal: 2 (Yellow) -temporal: 2 external auditory meatus mastoid process pg 220 (purple) -sphenoid: 1 pg 221(darker yellow behind frontal bone |
| Facial bones: 14 | -maxillae: 2: fused upper jaw; largest facial bones faulty formation results in a cleft palate pg 123 in ATLAS 10-12 week (red in front) -zygomatic: 2: cheek bone temporal process of zygomatic bone pg 224 (blue) -nasal: 2: bridge of the |
| deeper bones of face | -Palatine:2: posterior portion of the palate pg 223 (blue inside nose) -inferior nasal conchae: 2 pg 224. Helps promote turbulent circulation, helping to war the air that is inhaled -lacrimal: 2: smallest facial bone forms medial wall of the eye s |
| Associated with skull: 7 bones | Auditory: 6, pg 586 malleus(hammer) 2 Incus (anvil) 2 Stapes (stirrup) 2 -Hyoid: 1 pg 225 (right underneath mandible) attachment for muscles which move the tongue and aid in speaking and swallowing |
| Cranial Sutures (3) | -Coronal: b/w frontal and parietal -Lambdoidal: b/w parietal and occipital -Sagittal: b/w the parietal and Parietal -Squamosal: b/w the temporal and parietal * these are immoveable joints* |
| Fontanels (4) | -anterior(1): composed of fibrous connective tissue and covers a major blood vessel. Thus it will pulse like the heart - closes around 2 years -Occipital(1): closes within 1-2 months -Sphenoidal(2); closes within 1-2 months -Mastoid(2) closes wit |
| vertebral column: 26 bones | Type of vertebra: #in adult:#in children Cervical: 7: 7 Thoracic: 12: 12 Lumbar: 5: 5 Sacrum: 1: 5 Coccyx: 1: 3-5 TOTAL: 26: 32-34 |
| irregular curves (3) | kyohosis, lordosis, scoliosis |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curve (pg. 232) |
| Vertebral Anatomy | -cervical vertebra: attaches to skull, smallest vertebra -thoracic vertebra: articulate with tthe ribs at the costal facets (pg. 237) 1-10 only connect in two places, superior and transverse costal faucets -Lumbar: largest (for attachment of large |
| THORACIC CAGE | 25 bones |
| Ribs: 12 pairs | -true ribs: pairs 1-7 attached directly to sternum by costal cartilage: the vertibrosternal ribs usually increase in length and radius or curvature as you go from superior to inferior - vertebrochondral: 8-10 attach indirectly to sternum by 7th - false |
| intercostal space | area b/w ribs occipied by 1. muscles 2. blood vessels 3. nerves |
| Sternum: flat narrow bone about 6 inches long | -manubrium: most superior, articulats with 1 &2 ribs and the clavicle -body: middle part of strnum that articulates with ribs 3-10 -xiphoid process: most inferior, does not articulate with any rib. will finnish ossifying around age 25 |
| Surface markings (18) | process, ramus, trochanter, tuberosity, tubercle, crest, line, spine, head, neck, condyle, trochlea, facet, fossa, sulcus, foramen, fissure, sinus or antrum |
| process | projection or bump |
| ramus | an extension of a bone making an angle with the rest o the structure |
| trochanter | large, rough projection |
| tuberosity | smaller, rough projection |
| tubercle | small, rounded projection |
| crest | prominent ridge |
| line | low ridge |
| spine | pointed or narrow process |
| head | expanded articular end of an epiphysis separated from he shaft by a neck |
| neck | narrow connection between the epiphysis and the diaphysis |
| condyle | smooth, rounded articular process |
| trochlea | smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley |
| facet | small, flat articular surface |
| fossa | shallow depression |
| suclus | narrow groove |
| foramen | rounded passageway through the substance of a bone |
| fissure | elongated cleft |
| sinus or antrum | chamber with a bone, normally filled with air |
Created by:
britlee14
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